Know the Etymology: 40
Place Name of the Day: Thursday, 29 December 2016

Nā-pā-vala, Valāna, Val-ińguru-kẹṭiya, Mẹṭi-gat-vala

நா-பா-வல, வலான, வல்-இங்கு₃ரு-கெ[æ][ட்]டிய, மெ[æ][ட்]டி-க₃த்-வல
Nā-pā-vala, Valāna, Val-ińguru-kẹṭiya, Mẹṭi-gat-vala

Nā+pā+vala
Valān+a
Val+iṅguru+kẹṭiya
Mẹṭi+gat+vala

The Nā-tree forest

The forest

The part found with wild ginger plants

The pit or mine from where clay was taken

Vala1	forest, jungle (Sinhala, Clough); "Vanaya" (Sinhala, Sorata); Val: (noun) jungle, wood, thicket; (adjective) wild, savage (Sinhala, Clough); "Vanaya, Samūhaya" (Sinhala, Sorata); Vallura: arbour, bower, field, thicket, wilderness, a place destitute of water (Sanskrit, only in lexicons, M. Williams, DED 5289, CDIAL has no entry); Vallai: extensive thicket, big forest (Tamil, DED 5289); Balle: thick bush, thick jungle (Kannada, DED 5289); thicket, bush (Tulu, DED 5289); Val: strong, hard, forceful (Tamil, DED 5276); Vali: (verb) to be strong (Tamil, DED 5276); Vallai: strength (Tamil, DED 5276); Bal: (verb) to grow strong (Kannada, DED 5276); Balun: big, large, full-grown (Brahui, DED 5276): cognates in 14 Dravidian languages; Vaṉ, Vaṉpu, Vaṉmai are related word forms (DED 5276, note the L/ Ṉ change)
Vala2	variation of Vaḷa: pit, hole (Sinhala, Clough); also used in the meanings of waterhole, pool, mine etc., in the Sinhala place names (see related place names); Val/ Vala: = "Vaḷa, Āvāṭaya", very deep hole, pit (Sinhala, Sorata); Vaḷu: = Vaḷa (Sinhala, Sorata); well (Dhivehi/ Maldivian); Vala-kaḍa: valley (Sinhala, Clough); Gal-vaḷa: quarry, pit from which stones are cut or dig out (Sinhala, Clough); Diya-vaḷu: pit of water, pond, "Jalaya sahita vaḷa, Vila" (Sinhala, Sorata); Vaḷai: hole, burrow, hollow in tree, cave (Tamil, MTL, Caṅkam diction, Akanāṉūṟu 122: 15, Peruṅkatai, 104: 3); Aḷai: hole in the ground, hollow in tree, cave (Tamil, DED 308); Vaḷai (verb 1): to become crooked, to bend, bend low (Tamil, DED 5314); Vaḷaivu: (noun) bending, crookedness, arch (Tamil, DED 5314); Vaḷḷam: cup, bowl, canoe, boat made of trunk of a tree, measure of capacity (Tamil, DED 5315, Caṅkam diction, Naṟṟiṇai, 297: 1; Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai, 339); Vaḷai (verb 2): to surround (Tamil, DED 5313)
Valān	grove, forest (Sinhala, Clough); "Araṇyaya" (Sinhala, Sorata); from Vala 1; see box on Vala 1
Val	see box on Vala 1
Ińguru	also Hińguru, Sińguru: ginger (Sinhala, Clough); Val-ińguru: wild ginger, Zingiber cylindricum, a species of ginger peculiar to the island (Sinhala, Sorata); Singivēra: ginger (Pali, CDIAL, 12588); Sṛṅgavera: dried or fresh ginger (Sanskrit, CDIAL 12588); CDIAL traces etymology to Tamil/ Dravidian, Iñci-vēr, but notes that the first part is ultimately of Southeast Asian origin, meaning horn-like; Iñci: ginger (Tamil, Malayalam, DED 429, Caṅkam diction, Maturaikkāñci, 289); Iñji: ginger (Kodagu, DED 429); Inj: Ginger (Kota, DED 429); Vēr: root, anything root-like (Tamil, DED 5535)
Mẹṭi	clay, mould, earth (Sinhala); Maṭṭī: earth, clay, brick (Prakrit, CDIAL, 10286); Mattikā: earth, clay (Pali, CDIAL, 10286); Mṛittikā: earth, clay (Sanskrit, CDIAL, 10286); Maṇṭi: sediment (Tamil, DED 4676); Maḍḍi: sediment (Tulu, DED 4676); Maṇṭu: (verb) to be close together (Tamil, DED 4681); Maṭ: thick, dense (Brahui, DED 4681)
Gat	(verb) taken (Sinhala, Clough); Gannavā: (verb) to take (Sinhala, Clough); Gaṇhati: takes (Pali, CDIAL 4236-2); traced to Gṛhṇāti: takes, seizes (Sanskrit, CDIAL 4236)

Vala is a commonly found component in Sinhala place names. In toponymic usage, the term stands for two sets of meanings coming from two different etyma.

In many of the place names Vala means a forest, jungle or thicket, and in others it means a pit, waterhole, pond, pool, mine, quarry etc. The meanings have to be taken according to the context.

In meaning a forest, Vala is a cognate of Vallai meaning a big forest or extensive thicket in Tamil/ Dravidian (DED 5289). Balle is the cognate in Kannada and Tulu. The Sanskrit cognate Vallura is noticed only in lexicons and not in usage (M. Willams). Val/ Van meaning hard or strong in Dravidian (DED 5276) could possibly be the root of Vallai, since a forest is recognised as a hard place. Also note the possibility of L/ N interchange in comparing the terms to Vana, which originally meant a single tree and then a forest in Rig Vedic Sanskrit (CDIAL 11258, M. Williams).

The form Val coming in prefixes invariably means forest, or in an attributed sense means wild, forest variety of fauna, flora etc., when the term is used as adjective.

Valān is another form in Sinhala related to Vala, meaning a forest or grove. The N addition is a feature noticed in Sinhala toponymy as in other examples such as, Ibbā > Ibban, Aṁba > Aṁban and Imbul > Iṁbulan. The feature is noticed in Tamil also.

Vallai, Vellai, Vallaṉ, Vellaṉ, Val (adjective), Vellā (adjective) are terms noticed in Eezham Tamil toponymy, used in the same sense of meaning as of Vala/ Valān, even though the terms are not in use in Tamil today. See columns related to the said Tamil toponyms.

* * *

Vallai meaning forest:

"வல்லை உற்ற வேய்" (கம்பர், அயோத்தி, 9: 42)

"Vallai uṟṟa vēy" (Kampar, Ayōtti, 9: 42)

The bamboo in the forest


"கானம், கடறு, கான்…வல்லை…காடு எனப் புகல்வர்" (பிங்கல நிகண்டு 4:90)

"Kāṉam kaṭaṟu kāṉ …vallai…kāṭu eṉap pukalvar (Piṅkalam 4: 90)

Kaanam, Kada'ru, Kaan…Vallai…etc., are words for forest.

* * *

In meaning a pit, hole, waterhole, sinkhole, pond, mine, quarry etc., the component Vala coming in Sinhala place names is a variation of Vaḷa in Sinhala (Sorata), basically meaning a pit or hole. The rest of the meanings could be found in various phrases in Sinhala diction.

Vaḷa corresponds to Vaḷai in Tamil, meaning a hole as of rat-hole, rabbit-hole etc., hollow as of a hollow in a tree, a cave etc. Another related cognate in Tamil/ Dravidian is the word Vaḷḷam, which was originally meaning a cup or bowl in Caṅkam diction and was meaning a canoe, boat or a cubic measure in later usages (DED 5315).

Concavity is the basic meaning and Vaḷai as noun could be traced to Vaḷai as verb in Tamil/ Dravidian, meaning, 'to bend' (DED 5314).

In the said category of Sinhala place names, Vala/ Vaḷa is used like Kuḻi in Tamil. In this meaning, Vaḷai is only occasionally found used in Eezham Tamil place names as in the example, Kal-vaḷai. But Vaḷai and Aḷai (DED 308) are commonly used in Tamil in non-toponymic way to mean rat-hole etc. The commonly found Vaḷai component in Eezham Tamil place names means an enclosure and corresponds to another verb etymon, Vaḷai, that means 'to surround' (DED 513). This shade could be found in Sinhala also in place name components like Valavuva.

* * *

Vaḷai meaning hole:

"வளைக்கண் சேவல்" (அகநானூறு 122:15)

"Vaḷaikkaṇ cēval" (Akanāṉūṟu 122: 15)

The owl in the tree-hole


Vaḷai meaning cave:

"ஊன்பால் படு வளை ஒடுங்கி நீர் இருக்கென" (பெருங்கதை 104:3)

Ūṉpāl paṭu vaḷai outṅki nīr irukkena" (Peruṅkatai 104: 3)

Let you hide and stay in the cave that exists there


Vaḷḷam meaning bowl:

"கள் அடு மகளிர் வள்ளம் நுடக்கிய வார்ந்து உகு சில் நீர்" (பெரும்பாணாற்றுப்படை 339)

Kaḷ aṭu makaḷir vaḷḷam nuṭakkiya vārntu uku cil nīr" (Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai 339)

The water spilled by toddy-brewer women washing the toddy bowls

* * *

Ińguru meaning ginger in Sinhala is close to the Pali form Singivēra, but the Pali form and the Sanskrit form Sṛṅgavēra are in turn traced to Iñci-vēr in Tamil, by CDIAL. However, while noting the suffix Vēr (root) to show the Tamil/ Dravidian route the word has taken, CDIAL cites ultimate Southeast Asian origin for the prefix (CDIAL 12588). This means that the Southeast Asian spice was introduced through Tamil to the rest of South Asia. Iñci is an item of spice crop noted in Caṅkam Tamil literature (Maturaikkāñci 289).

See other columns for boxes and discussions on Nā meaning the ironwood tree, Pā meaning tree in general, Kẹṭiya meaning a part and Mẹṭi meaning clay in Sinhala

* * *

Nā-pā-vala: is a place in Eheliyagoda division of Ratnapura district. There is another place by the same name in Dehiovita division of Kegalle district.

Valāna is in Panadura division of Kalutara district and in Weligama division of Matara district.

Val-ińguru-kẹṭiya is a place name found in Karandeniya division of Galle district.

Mẹṭi-gat-vala is in Angunakolapelessa division of Hambantota district

* * *

Some related place names:

Vala 1: in the meaning of forest, jungle, thicket etc. Some place names may be related to Vala 2 also:


Paṭṭiya-vala: Wattala, Gampaha. Paṭṭi: stall for cattle, herd of cattle (Sinhala, Clough); cow-stall, sheepfold (Tamil, DED 3868)

Ẹla-piṭi-vala: Wattala, Gampaha

Baṭa-vala: Homagama, Colombo; Mawanella, Kegalle. Baṭa 1: a small species of bamboo peculiar to the island, also Baṭa-lī: Ochlandra stridula (Sinhala, Clough); Paṇai, Pāṇṭil: bamboo (Tamil, DED 4271, 4073); Paṭṭai: flat piece as of bamboo (Tamil, DED 3878); Batā: bamboo laths (Kurux, DED DED 3917); Baṭa 2: descent, going down (Sinhala, Clough); Paṭu: (verb) to set as a heavenly body, to cast down (Tamil, DED 3852); Baṭa: sunk as in mud (Sinhala, Clough); Paṭuvam: slushy field (Tamil, DED 3856); Paṭu: deep pool, pit, hole, rice field (Tamil, DED 3856)

Ibbā-vala: Welipitiya, Matara. Ibbā: land tortoise (Sinhala, Clough); Ippi: shell (Tamil, DED 2535). Vala could be a thicket as well as a pit land, both habitats of land tortoise

Ibban-vala: Colombo, Colombo. See Ibbā-vala

Rilā-vala: Homagama, Colombo. Ril: Rilla: a plant not ascertained (Clough)

Heraliyā-vala: Homagama, Colombo; Kurunegala, Kurunegala. Heraḷiya: jackfruit (Clough); probably, Cērali or Kēraḷi; a Malaiyāḷa variety?

Elamala-vala: Seethawaka, Colombo. Ela-mala: white hill

Pinna-vala: Padukka, Colombo; Imbulpe, Ratnapura; Rambukkana, Kegalle. Pinna: a plant, Clerodendron infortunatum (Clough)

Liyan-vala: Padukka, Colombo. Liyan: a tree, Homalium zeylanicum (Clough)

Hora-kańda-vala: Padukka, Colombo. Hora: a large timber tree, Dipterocarpus zeylanicus (Clough)

Kaha-vala: Padukka, Colombo. Kaha: a small tree, Bixa orellana (Clough)

Nā-vala: SJ Pura, Colombo; Yakkalamulla, Galle. Nā: iron-wood tree, Mesua ferrea (Clough)

Kohu-vala: Dehivala, Colombo. Probably, Koho: "Kosgasa" (Sorata)

Dehi-vala: Dehiwala, Colombo. Dehi: lime, of which there are several species in the island (Clough); Dehi-ala: Colocasia antiquorum (Clough); this is usually found in pools

Kańda-vala: Ratmalana, Colombo; Katana, Gampaha. Kanda: hill, hillock

Tela-vala: Moratuwa, Colombo. Tela: herb, "Osuvak" (Sorata notes with question mark); Tela-kīri: a plant "Enam gasvesesa" (Sorata)

Kaṭuvā-vala: Kesbewa, Colombo. Kaṭu-vāvala?

Vệvala: Kesbewa, Colombo; Ja-Ela, Gampaha; Horana, Kalutara; Pujapitiya, Kandy; Hikkaduwa, Galle; Alawwa, Kurunegala. Vệ: Vẹva (Sorata); Vē: rattan cane

Bala-vala: Divulapitiya, Gampaha; Pannala, Kurunegala. Bala: a tree, Nothopegia colebrookiana (Clough)

Kitul-vala: Divulapitiya, Gampaha; Rideegama, Kurunegala. Kitul: Caryota urens (Clough)

Del-vala: Mirigama, Gampaha; Nivithigala, Ratnapura. Del: wild breadfruit

Imbulan-vala: Mirigama, Gampaha. Imbul: silk cotton tree

Milla-vala: Mirigama, Gampaha. Mīlla, Milila: a timber tree, Vitex altissima (Clough)

Midẹlla-vala: Mirigama, Gampaha. Midella: trees of the species Barringtonia (Clough)

Muruta-vala: Mirigama, Gampaha; Mawanella, Kegalle. Muruta: a timber tree, Lagerstæmia flos-reginæ (Clough)

Panā-vala: Mirigama, Gampaha; Godakawala, Ratnapura; Dehiovita, Kegalle. Panā: jack tree

Bōdhi-pihiṭu-vala: Minuwangoda, Gampaha. Bōdhi: Bō tree

Nayi-vala: Minuwangoda, Gampaha. Nayi: combination form of Nayā: cobra (Clough)

Baṇḍāra-baṭa-vala: Attanagalla, Gampaha. See Baṭa-vala

Vatu-piṭi-vala: Attanagalla, Gampaha

Ala-vala: Attanagala, Gampaha; Galigamuwa, Kegalle. Ala: yam

Mī-vala: Attanagala, Gampaha. Mī: Bassia longifolia

Kos-kańda-vala: Attanagalla, Gampaha. Kos: jack tree

Puňci-maṇṭā-vala: Dompe, Gampaha

Pẹpiliya-vala: Dompe, Gampaha. Pẹpiḷiya: a plant peculiar to the island, Aperosa, latifolia (Clough)

Vaṭa-vala: Dompe, Gampaha; Ambagamuwa, Nuwara Eliya; Balangoda, Ratnapura

Panan-vala: Dompe, Gampaha

Raň-vala: Dompe, Gampaha; Kegalle, Kegalle

Guru-vala: Dompe, Gampaha; Angunakolapelessa, Hambantota

Egoḍa-guru-vala: Dompe, Gampaha

Nika-vala: Dompe, Gampaha. Nika: Vitex

Ūru-vala: Mahara, Gampaha. Ūru 1: boar, "Sūkarayā" (Sorata); Ūru 2: big

Nāraň-vala: Mahara, Gampaha; Thumpane, Kandy; Udunuwara, Kandy. Nāraň: mandarin orange (Clough)

Kirilla-vala: Mahara, Gampaha. Kirilla: a tree, Sonneratia acida (Clough)

Gōna-vala: Biyagama: Gampaha; Medadumbara, Kandy; Kundasale. Kandy; Laggala-Pallegama, Matale

Gōnā-vala: Ambagamuwa, Nuwara Eliya

Ula-hiṭi-vala: Biyagama, Gampaha

Kaludệ-vala: Panadura, Kalutara; Matale, Matale. Kaḷudệ 1: ass, donkey, "Būruvā" (Sinhala, Sorata); Kaḻutai: ass (Tamil, DED 1364); cognates in 13 Dravidian languages; Kaḷudệ 2: an animal, "Kaḷa-vẹdda" (Sinhala, Sorata notes with a question mark); kaḷudệ 3: bear, " Valaha" (Sinhala, Sorata notes with a question mark)

Piň-vala: Bandaragama, Kalutara. Piň: probably Pińgi: indigo plant, indigofera tinctoria (Clough); probably from the reddish brown colour

Korā-vala: Bandaragama, Kalutara. Korā: plural of Koru: jackal (Clough); Kuṟukkaṉ: jackal (Malayalam, DED 1851); related to Kuṟu-nari: jackal (Tamil, Malayalam, DED 1851); Kuṟu: (verb) to become short; (noun) short (Tamil, DED 1851); Kuru: small, short (Sinhala, Clough)

Kanē-vala: Horana, Kalutara

Madurā-vala: Madurawala, Kalutara. Madura, Matura: = Marutu, Terminalia arjuna in Batticaloa, Puttalam and some parts of the western coast.

Mā-vala: Kalutara, Kalutara

Bēru-vala: Beruwala, Kalutara. Bēru: either the indigo plant (Sorata) or a shrub Agrotistachys indica (Clough)

Bōṁbu-vala: Dodangoda, Kalutara. Bōṁbu, Val-bōṁbu: a tree, Symplocos spicata (Clough)

Hora-vala: Mathugama, Kalutara. Hora, Hora-gaha, Sora-gaha: a large timber tree, Dipterocarpus zeylanicus (Clough)

Āńda-vala: Mathugama, Kalutara; Naula, Matale; Walapane, Nuwara Eliya

Tiniyā-vala: Palindunuwara, Kalutara. Probably, Tiṇa: = Taṇa, grass

Hal-vala: Walallavita, Kalutara. Hal: Vateria acuminata, Vateria indica (Clough)

Hińgul-vala: Pujapitiya, Kandy. Hińgul: a plant, Amoora rohituka (Clough)

Piṭa-vala: Panvila, Kandy; Udadumbara, Kandy; Doluwa, Kandy; Laggala-Pallegala, Matale; Ambagamuwa, Nuwara Eliya

Maha-vala: Udadumbara, Kandy; Ratnapura, Ratnapura

Kala-vala: Udadumbara, Kandy. Kala 1: probably, Kaḷa: bamboo, "Gas (Baṭa) vesesak"; kaḻai: spiny bamboo (Tamil, DED 1370); Kala 2: gem, "Miṇi-geḍiya" (Sorata); if the place name means a gem pit; Kal: stone, gem (Tamil, DED 1298)

Pila-vala: Kundasale, Kandy. Pila: a plant, Nerium (Clough)

Hapu-vala: Kundasale, Kandy; Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya. Hapu, Sapu: Michelia champaca (Clough)

Nuvara Doḍam-vala: Kandy Four Gravets, Kandy. The Doḍam-vala in the city

Pahaḷa-doḍam-vala: Yatinuwara, Kandy. Doḍam: orange (Clough)

Uḍa-bō-vala: Kandy Four Gravets, Kandy

Kẹṭa-vala: Kandy Four Gravets, Kandy; Pasgoda, Matara; Hali-Ela, Badulla; Ratnapura, Ratnapura. Kẹṭa 1: pebble, small stone, "Boralu-gala" (Sorata); applicable if the place name means Vaḷa; Kẹṭa-kāla, Kẹṭa-kệla: a tree, Bridelia retusa (Clough, Sorata)

Mẹda-vala: Harispattuwa, Kandy; Hikkaduwa, Galle. Mẹda: middle

Uḍuvā-vala: Harispattuva, Kandy

Yaṭuvā-vala: Harispattuva, Kandy

Vatu-vala: Harispattuva, Kandy. Vatu: garden, grove

Karańḍuvā-vala: Harispattuva, Kandy. Karańḍu: = Kaṭu-karańḍu (Sorata); a plant, Barleria prionitis (Clough); Karaṇḍe: Indian globe thistle, Sphaeranthus indicus (Kannada, DED 1271); Karantai: Sphaeranthus indicus (Tamil, DED 1271); Kuraṇṭa: yellow Barleria (Sanskrit, only in lexicons, CDIAL, 3326, 3322); Kuṟiñci: various Strobilenthes and Barleria species (Tamil, DED 1849a); Kuṟañci, Kuraṇṭam, Koraṇṭam: thorny nail dye, Barleria prionitis (Tamil, DED 1849b); cognates in Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Tulu and Telugu (DED 1849b). Note the place names Karaṇḍu-pota in Kegalle and Karaṇṭāyk-kuḷam near Iyakkachchi, Jaffna (One Inch Sheet)

Dūl-vala: Harispattuva, Kandy. Dūl 1: flax, fibrous plant, Anodendron paniculatum (Sinhala, Clough); Dūl, Duhula: "Gasvesesak" (Sorata); Dūl-paṭa: a kind of cloth, "Dukūla vastraya" (Sorata); Dukulu, Dukūlaya: cloth, "Vastraya" (Sinhala, Sorata); Dukūla: a kind of plant, fine cloth made of the inner bark of this plant (Sanskrit, not very early usage, CDIAL 6389); Tukil: fine cloth (Tamil, DED 3285); Dukula: very fine cloth (Kannada, DED 3285); related to Tuku: (verb) to be gathered in a mass as the hair (Tamil, DED 3476); Tōkai: tail of the peacock, front end of cloth, plaited folds of a woman's cloth, anything hanging down as a flag (Tamil, DED 3538); Dūl 2: probably variation of Jūl, Divul: wood apple, Feronia elephantum (Clough)

Rat-mī-vala: Yatinuwara, Kandy

Māmuḍā-vala: Yatinuwara, Kandy. Muḍa: a watch platform (Sorata, Clough); Mukaṭu: top, highest part, platform (Tamil, DED 4888); Mōṭu: height (Tamil, DED 4888); Mōḍu: raised or high ground (Telugu, DED 4888). Note place names Muḍa-gamuva and Muḍa-gammana.

Dẹli-vala: Udanuwara, Kandy; Walapane, Nuwara Eliya; Rambukkana, Kegalle. Seems to be variation of Del: wild breadfruit

Ańgunā-vala: Udanuwara, Kandy. Anguṇa: the creeper plants of the family Asclepiyadecæ, "Hoya" (Clough)

Hīya-vala: Udunuwara, Kandy. Hīya 1: from Hiya; a creeper, "Vẹljātiyak" (Sorata); Hīya 2: Īya (H added in this case) arrow, plough, ploughing (Sinhala, Clough); Ey: (verb) to discharge arrows; (noun) arrow (Tamil, DED 805); Iy: (verb) to shoot (Kota, DED 805)

Aṁban-vala: Udunuwara, Kandy. Aṁba: mango

Vīra-vala: Udunuwara, Kandy; Vīra: Drypetes sepiaria (Clough);

Nīla-vala: Pathahewaheta, Kandy. Nīla: green in this context; Nilla: verdure (Sinhala, Clough)

Raṇa-vala: Udapalatha, Kandy. Raṇa: bamboo, "Uṇa-gasa" (Sorata); probably from the golden colour variety

Bō-vala: Udapalatha, Kandy; Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya; Walasmulla, Hambantota; Alawwa, Kurunegala

Koho-vala: GI Korale, Kandy. Koho: jack, "Kosgasa" (Sorata)

Palā-pat-vala: Galewela, Matale; Matale, Matale; Ambanpola, Kurunegala. Palā-pat: foliage

Lēnā-vala: Galewala, Matale

Kuṁbuk-kańdan-vala: Dambulla, Matale. Kuṁbuk: Terminalia arjuna

Koholan-vala: Pallepola, Matale. Koholan here seems to be meaning tree in general; Kohol: any large tree, "Rūkṣa" (Sinhala, Sorata); Kōḷi: banyan, fig types of trees (Tamil, DED 2254)

Ẹti-pallā-vala: Yatawatta, Matale

Kande-piṭa-vala: Laggala-Pallegama, Matale

Vẹllē-vala: Laggala-Pallegama, Matale

Gańga Hēn-vala: Laggala-Pallegama

Ẹṭan-vala: Laggala-Pallegama, Matale

Aliyā-vala: Wilgamuwa, Matale

Uḍu-vel-vala: Wilgamuwa, Matale

Maradurā-vala: Rattota, Matale

Ala-vatu-vala: Ukuwela, Matale

Ẹl-vala: Ukuwela, Matale. Probably Ẹl-vela; Ẹl: a kind of paddy; or Hẹl-vala

Mā-dan-vala: Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya. Mā-daň: Calyptranthes cumini (Sinhala, Clough)

Vada-vala: Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya. Vada: cattle pen

Hańda-vala-piṭiya: Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya

Labu-hēn-vala: Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya

Tẹnne-hēn-vala: Walapane, Nuwara Eliya

Māla-vala: Bentota, Galle

Gal-pottā-vala: Karandeniya, Galle

Mẹnḍōrā-vala: Karandeniya, Galle. Mẹndōra: a timber tree, Vatica roxburghiana or Vatica chinensis (Sinhala, Clough)

Piṭu-vala: Elpitiya, Galle

Dana-vala: Nuluwa, Galle. Dana 1: cutting, "Kẹpīma" (Sorata); Dana 2: burning "Dẹvena" (Sorata)

Tal-gas-vala: Nagoda, Galle

Sandara-vala: Baddegama, Galle. Sandara: from Samadarā: a small tree, Samadera indica (Sinhala, Clough); Samadara, Samadarā: "Gasjātiyak" (Sinhala, Sorata)

Kokā-vala: Baddegama, Galle; Matara Four Gravets, Matara

Gōnā-pīnu-wala: Gonapeevuwala, Galle

Aḷut-vala: Gonapeenuwala, Galle

Rupī-vala: Hikkaduwa, Galle. Rupī: probably from Ruppā: Ruk-pā: collection of trees (Sorata)

Narā-vala: Bope-Poddala, Galle. Probably from Nārai (Tamil): crane; or Nāraň: mandarin orange (Clough)

Mī-pā-vala: Bope-Poddala, Galle. Pā is an affix meaning tree; Mī: Bassia longifolia (Clough)

Aň-kokkā-vala: Akmeemana, Galle. Aň-kokkā: probably a kind of crane

Hāli-vala: Akmeemana, Galle. Hāli 1: may be from Hāliyā: cinnamon peeler; Hāli 2: may be related to Hāl-pan: a reed, "Pan jātiyak" (Sorata); Hāl-dańḍu: a small freshwater fish (Sorata); note place names Hāliyā-mulla, Hāli-Ẹla

Vệ-kańda-vala: Weeraketiya, Hambantota

Vaňcā-vala: Akmeemana, Galle. Vaňśa?: bamboo, "Uṇagasa" (Sorata)

Maḍu-vala: Mulatiyana, Matara. Maḍu: the false sago palm in this context, Cycas circinalis (Clough)

Kehel-vala: Athuraliya, Matara. Kehel: plantain

Heṭṭiyā-vala: Kirinda Puhulwella, Matara

Dēnu-vala: Weligama, Matara

Valli-vala: Weligama, Matara

Hēn-vala: Weligama, Matara

Āgara-vala: Devinuwara, Matara. Agāra?: a dale or depression

Rannā-vala: Dickwella, Matara.

Habaratta-vala: Sooriyawewa, Hambantota. Habara-attavala? ; Habara, Sabara: 1. hunter; 2. A timber tree, Barringtonia racemosa (Clough)

Vẹli-potē-vala: Thissamaharama, Hambantota

Modara Pili-vala: Ambalantota, Hambantota

Roṭa-vala: Ambalantota, Hambantota. Note place names like Roṭa-vẹva; Rambewa, Anuradhapura; Roṭala-vela; Mahiyanganaya Badulla

Rat-mal-vala: Angunakolapelessa, Hambantota. Rat-mal: Ixora coccinea (Clough)

Kambussā-vala: Beliatta, Hambantota

Dedduvā-vala: Beliatta, Hambantota

Pūlā-vala: Mahaoya, Ampara. Pūlā: silk cotton tree

Dekadu-vala: Polpithigama, Kurunegala

Kẹnda-vala: Ibbagamuwa, Kurunegala. Kẹnda: a plant; Kẹnda-gaha: candle nut tree; also Tel-kẹkuna (Clough)

Kẹkulā-vala: Ganewatta, Kurunegala; Alawwa, Kurunegala. Kẹkuḷa: = Kẹkuṇa-gasa (Sorata); Canarium zeylanicum, a tree peculiar to the island (Clough). See Kẹkuṇā-vala

Bakuṇā-vala: Kobeigane, Kurunegala. Bakuṇā: probably, 1. Baka-mūṇa: owl; 2. Bakamūnu-taṇa: a plant peculiar to the island, Scleria neesii (Clough)

Bamuṇā-vala: Kurunegala, Kurunegala. Bamuṇā: Brahmin (Clough)

Kōn-gas-vala: Mawathagama, Kurunegala. Kōn: Schleichera trijuga (Clough)

Kōn-gas-valaya-gama: Rasnayakapura, Kurunegala. See Kōn-gas-vala

Yaṭi-vala: Mawathagama, Kurunegala

Kaha-pat-vala: Mawathagama, Kurunegala. See Kaha

Uḍa-kẹnda-vala: Rideegama, Kurunegala. See Kẹnda

Buḷu-vala: Rideegama, Kurunegala. Buḷu: Terminalia belerica (Clough)

Kaṇa-deniyā-vala: Rideegama, Kurunegala

Vakkuṇu-vala: Kuliyapitiya East, Kurunegala. Vakkanu: "Koḷaya" (Sorata); also see Bakuṇā-vala

Kuṁbal-vala: Kuliyapitiya West. Kurunegala. 1. Kuṁbaḷu: a tree, wild bilimbi, Ailantus malabarica (Sorata); 2. Kaṁbalā potter (Clough); could mean the forest of the tree, also the pit caused by potter taking earth

Kẹkuṇā-vala: Udubaddawa, Kurunegala. Kẹkuṇā: Canarium zeylanicum, a tree peculiar to the island (Clough)

Yaṭattāvala: Yaṭa-attāvala?; Pannala, Kurunegala

Aturu-vala: Narammala, Kurunegala

Kaṇa-mī-vala: Alawwa, Kurunegala

Daň-gaha-vala: Mahakumbukkadawala, Puttalam

Ẹṭiyā-vala: Dankotuwa, Puttalam

Tiṁbiri-ẹttā-vala: Horowpothana, Anuradhapura; Attāvala?; or elephant forest?; or Ẹṭa ? Tiṁbiri: a tree, Diospyros embryopteris (Clough)

Nidan-vala: Dimbulagala, Polonnaruwa. Nidan: mine, hidden treasure (Clough); Nidanavā: to sleep (Clough)

Ẹńdiriyan-vala: Kuruvita, Kegalle. Ẹńdiri: darkness; (adjective) dark, obscure (Clough); "Andhakāraya" (Sorata)

Ellā-vala: Kiriella, Ratnapura

Epiṭa-vala: Kiriella, Ratnapura. Epiṭa: distant, far, at a distance (Clough); E+piṭa

Mal-vala: Ratnapura, Ratnapura. Mal, Mala: hill

Kaṇa-tiriyan-vala: Imbulpe, Ratnapura

Hal-pā-vala: Pelmadulla, Ratnapura. Pā: affix meaning tree

Amu-vala: Elapatha, Ratnapura. Amu: a kind of paddy, also a plant of the grass family (Clough)

Doḷos-vala: Nivithigala, Ratnapura. Probably, of Doḷa: forest of the streamlet

Diṁbul-vala: Godakawela, Ratnapura. Diṁbul: wood apple

Uḍa-raň-wala: Weligepola, Ratnapura

Ūra-vala: Weligepola, Ratnapura

Koṭṭiṁbul-vala: Weligepola, Ratnapura. Kaṭu-iṁbul: Bombax malabaricum (Clough)

Ran-vala: Weligepola

Uḍa-valava: Embilipitiya, Ratnapura

Mul-ẹńḍiyā-vala: Embilipitiya, Ratnapura. Probably, Mul-āńḍiyā-vala: the original or main Āṇḍiyā-vala

Dunukē-vala: Rambukkana, Kegalle. Dunukē: screw pine

Mā-kehel-vala: Mawanella, Kegalle

Ẹṁbil-mī-vala: Mawanella, Kegalle

Vaḍuvā-vala: Mawanella, Kegalle. Vaḍuvā: carpenter

Deyiyan-vala: Aranayake, Kegalle. Deyiyan: = "Deviyan" (Sorata)

Talē-vala: Kegalle, Kegalle. Tala: talipot tree, Corypha umbraculifera (Clough); high ground, "Goḍa-bima, Piṭa, Matta"; Talā: the basil plant; high ground plain, "Us vū sama pedesa" (Sinhala, Sorata);

Ala-palā-vala: Kegalle, Kegalle. Palā: greens, vegetables, herbs in general (Sinhala, Clough)

Gurulla-vala: Kegalle, Kegalle. Gurulla, also called Burulla: a shrub, Leea sambucina (Clough)

Kobbệ-vala: Galigamuwa, Kegalle. Kobbệ: a tree, Allophylus cobbe (Sinhala, Clough)

Ẹtnā-vala: Warakapola, Kegalle. Ẹt+nā; probably elephant-keeper chief; Ẹt: elephant; Nā: "Nāyaka"

Siyaṁbalā-vala: Ruwanwella, Kegalle. Siyaṁbalā: tamarind tree

Lẹ-vala: Bulathkohupitiya, Kegalle. La?: (adjective) young, tender (Clough)

Ūru-mī-vala: Bulathkohupitiya, Kegalle. Ūru-mī: Bandicoot, "Poḷovehi hệrệ dōṇāvala vasana mahat mīvesesak" (Sinhala, Sorata); Mī, Mīyā: rat (Sinhala, Clough); Mūṣa: rat, mouse (Sanskrit, CDIAL 10258); Ūru: (adjective) big, large (Sinhala, Clough); Uruvu: magnitude, largeness, bigness, big (Telugu, DED 711); Uṟuvu: largeness (Kannada, DED 711); Uṟe: largeness (Kannada, DED 711); Uṟu: (verb) to increase (Tamil, DED 711); (special verb, Uriccol) to be much (Tamil, Tolkāppiyam, 17: 3); (noun) copious (Malayalam, DED 711)

Nil-vala: Dehiovita, Kegalle. Nil: (adjective) blue, green (green in this context); Nilla: verdure (Sinhala, Clough)

Yaṭi-vala: Dehiovita, Kegalle

* * *

Val/ Vala: in non-suffix position. Val in prefix position invariably means forest or wild:


Valava: Hambantota, Hambantota

Val-pola: Kaduwela, Colombo; Ja-Ela, Gampaha; Attanagalla, Gampaha; dompe, Gampaha; Yatawatta, Matale; Yakkalamulla, Galle; Bamunukotuwa, Kurunegala; Medawachchiya, Anuradhapura; Rambukkana, Kegalle; Dehiovita, Kegalle

Val-piṭa: Homagama, Colombo; Divulapitiya, Gampaha, Madurawala, Kalutara; Beddegama, Galle. Piṭa: outside (Clough)

Mā-val-gama: Seethawaka, Colombo

Val-pala: Katana, Gampaha; Matara Four Gravets, Matara

Val-bō-talē: Mirigama, Gampaha

Val-piṭa-mulla: Minuwangoda, Gampaha

Asgiri-val-pola: Minuwangoda, Gampaha

Vala-liyadda: Attanagalla, Gampaha

Val-gam-mulla: Attanagalla, Gampaha; Katuwana, Hambantota; Polgahawela, Kurunegala

Val-araṁba: Dompe, Gampaha

Maha-vala-vatta: Dompe, Gampaha

Piṭu-val-goḍa: Dompe, Gampaha

Val-gama: Biyagama, Galle; Udanuwara, Kandy; Matara Four Gravets, Matara

Vala-pala: Panadura, Kalutara

Vala-gedara: Mathugama, Kalutara; Udunuwara, Kandy; Balapitiya, Galle

Hal-vala-kẹlē Mal-vatu-kanda: Walallavita, Kalutara. See Hal-vala

Hiyańdala Val-pola: Thumpane, Kandy. See Val-pola

Vệ-vala-vẹva: Dambulla, Matale. See Vệ-vala

Vệ-vala-gama: Ibbagamuwa, Kurunegala. See Vệ-vala

Vệ-vala-deniya: Kegalle, Kegalle. See Vệ-vala

Val-deṇiya: Pujapitiya, Kandy

Vala-hēna: Akurana, Kandy

Val-pala-deṇiya: Pathadumbara, Kandy

Valala: Pathadumbara, Kandy

Vada-vala-kanda: Udadumbara, Kandy

Val-pala-golla: Hatharaliyadda, Kandy

Val-gam-pāya: Yatinuwara, Kandy.

Val-govvā-goḍa: Yatinuwara, Kandy

Mī-vala-deṇiya: Udunuwara, Kandy

Piṭa-vala-vatta: Udunuwara, Kandy. See Piṭa-vala

Mī-vala-pataha: Galewela, Matale. Pata: place, "Iḍama" (Sorata); Pati: (verb) to settle; (noun) abode (Tamil, DED 3911)

Val-gam-vẹva: Dambulla, Matale

Val-mōruva: Pallepola, Matale. Mōruva: Mohora? = enclosure (Sorata)

Hańda-vala-piṭiya: Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya

Vala-panē: Walapane, Nuwara Eliya

Val-hapu-tẹnna: Haldummulla, Badulla

Ẹṭa-vala-vatta: Bentota, Galle. Ẹṭa 1: probably Ẹhẹṭu: a large tree, Ficus tsiela (Sinhala, Clough); Aṭṭikkā: Ficus glomerata (Sinhala, Clough); Atti: Ficus glomerata (Tamil, DED 144); Ficus racemosa (Malayalam, DED 144); Aṭṭāḷai: Ficus acetosa (Tamil, Winslow); Ẹṭa 2:

Kaḷu-vala-goḍa: Karandeniya, Galle

Vallaṁba-gala: Elpitiya, Galle

Piṭu-val-goḍa: Baddegama, Galle

Vala-vatta: Bope-Poddala, Galle

Piṭu-vala-hēna: Imaduwa, galle

Kīri-vala-gama: Kotapola, Matara. Kīri: Kihiri

Pata-vala: Kotapola, Matara

Nā-val-hēna: Kotapola, Matara

Piṭa-val-gamuva: Mulatiyana, Matara

Valagē-piyadda: Athuraliya, Matara: Piyadda: from Piyadi: a Badda land for the cultivation of coconut, jack etc., in the times of the Dutch rule (Sorata)

Nā-vala-goḍa: Akuressa, Matara

Vala-kanda: Kirinda Puhulwella, Matara

Val-bulu-gaha-hēna: Devinuwara, Matara

Val-gam-eḷiya: Tangalle, Hambantota

Vaḷa-gam-pura: Uhana, Ampara

Vala-liya: Ambanpola, Kurunegala; Bamunukotuwa, Kurunegala

Kon-gas-valaya-gama: Rasnayakapura, Kurunegala

Val-pāluva: Maho, Kurunegala; Mahakumbukkadawala, Puttalam

Val-pāḷuva: Wariyapola, Kurunegala

Hiru-val-pola: Bingiriya, Kurunegala

Uḍa-val-pola: Kurunegala, Kurunegala

Val-pola-kanda: Mallawapitiya, Kurunegala

Buḷu-vala-kanda: Rideegama, Kurunegala

Kẹṭa-valē-gedara: Kuliyapitiya West, Kurunegala. Kẹṭa-kệla: a tree, Bridelia retusa (Clough)

Val-piṭa-gama: Udubaddawa, Kurunegala. The jungle-side village

Doṁba-vala-gama: Nochchiyagama, Anuradhapura

Hapu-vala-kuṁbura: Hali-Ela, Badulla

Vala-viṭa: Eheliyagoda, Ratnapura

Valē-boḍa: Imbulpe, Ratnapura

Egoḍa-valē-boḍa: Balangoda, Ratnapura

Maha-vala-tẹnna: Balangoda, Ratnapura

Yaṭi-val-deniya: Rambukkana, Kegalle

Val-deniya: Kegalle, Kegalle

Vala-gama: Galigamuwa, Kegalle

Val-gam-pata: Ruwanwella, Kegalle

* * *

Valāna: meaning forest:


Bōla-valāna: Negombo, Gampaha

Valāna-goḍa: Katana, Gampaha

Hapu-valāna: Duvulapitiya, Gampaha

Kẹppiṭi-valāna: Mirigama, Gampaha; Alawwa, Kurunegala. Kẹppiṭiyā, Kẹppeṭṭiyā: a croton species, Croton lacciferum (Sinhala, Clough)

Kura-valāna: Attanagalla, Gampaha

Mayila-valāna: Dompe, Gampaha

Geḍi-gas-valāna: Dambulla, Matale

Hadira-valāna: Kurunegala, Kurunegala. Hatira: probably, Khadira: Mimosa catechu

Siyaṁbala-valāna: Pannala, Kurunegala

Nāla-valāna: Pannala, Kurunegala. Nā+La affix

Mẹlla-valāna: Pannala, Kurunegala. Mẹlla: a plant peculiar to the island, Olax zeylanica (Sinhala, Clough)

Bōya-valāna: Alawwa, Kurunegala

Daḷu-valāna: Ruwanwella, Kegalle

* * *

Vāla: seems to be variation of Vala:


Diya-vāla: Dompe, Gampaha. Probably Diya-vala

Vāla-hēna: Madampe, Puttalam. Probably Vala-hēna

* * *

Ōvala: Oya-vala?


Ōvala Polvatta: Matale, Matale

Ōvala: Rattota, Matale

* * *

Vala 2: as variation of Vaḷa:


Vala 2: meaning waterhole, pool, pond, sinkhole, mud-pit, marsh etc.

Dīyā-vala: Kuliyapitiya West, Kurunegala

Tal-diyā-vala: Kaduwela, Colombo

De-diya-vala: Kalutara, Kalutara

Kalu-diya-vala: Yakkalamulla, galle

Eba-vala-piṭiya: Wariyapola, Kurunegala. Eba-vala: = Heba-vala: waterhole or pond

Eppā-vala: Thalawa, Anuradhapura; Palugaswewa, Anuradhapura: Ep: probably Hep: = Heba (Sorata); "Diyavaḷa, Vila"; Heba-vaḷa: Vila hā Vaḷa (Sorata)

Mānel-vala: Walapane, Nuwara Eliya

Rat-neḷum-vala-yāya: Thissamaharama, Hambantota. Rat-neḷuṁbu: red lotus "Rat-piyum" (Sinhala, Sorata); Rat-neḷum, Rat-piyum: red lotus, Nymphæa rubra (Clough)

Tel-kumudu-vala: Bulathkohupitiya, Kegalle

Gahala-gas-vala: Udubaddawa, Kurunegala. Gahala: Colocasia antiquorum (Clough); this is a yam growing in pools, marshes and water bodies

Lēl-vala: Neluwa, Galle; Beddegama, Galle. Lēl: fish of the carp family found in mountain streams (Sinhala, Clough)

Kiṁbulā-vala: Niyagama, Galle. Kiṁbulā 1: crocodile; Kiṁbulā 2: from Kiṁbul; a plant, Plumbago rosea (Clough)

Maḍa-vala: Katana, Gampaha; Mathugama, Kalutara; Matale, Matale; Weerambugedara, Kurunegala; Alawwa, Kurunegala; Palugaswewa, Anuradhapura; Rambukkana, Kegalle. Mada: mud, muddy paddy field

Maḍa-vala-landa: Weligepola, Ratnapura; Damana, Ampara

Maḍa-vala-gama: Nachchaduwa, Anuradhapura

Maḍa-vala-mulla: Galle Four Gravets, Galle

Dīkiri-maḍa-vala: Kundasale, Kandy. Dī-kiri: curds (Clough); Maḍa: mud

Maḍi-tiya-vala: Divulapitiya, Gampaha; Kurunegala, Kurunegala. Maḍitta: muddy ground, slough, bog (Clough)

Maṇḍā-vala: Dompe, Gampaha. Maṇḍa: dregs, dross, lees (Clough); related to Mada: mud (Clough)

Kińdi-vala: Mirigama, Gampaha. Kińda: marsh, bog (Clough); pepper and certain plants (Clough)

Ẹrẹv-vala: Kesbewa, Colombo. Probably a sinkhole; Eravanavā: to cause to sink in the ground (Sinhala, Clough); Eragu: to come down (Kannada, DED 516); Iṟaṅku: to descend (Tamil, DED 516); Note the place name Iṟa-vaḷai in Vadamaratchi, Jaffna

* * *

Vala 2: meaning pit, mine, quarry etc.:


Gal-vala: Dehiwala, Colombo

Galvala-goḍa: Dompe, Gampaha. Gal-vala: stone quarry

Galgeda-vala: Laggala-Pallegama, Matale

Mẹṭi-vala: Ambalangoda, Galle. Mẹṭi: clay (Clough)

Mẹṭi-vala-landa: Uva Paranagama, Badulla. Mẹṭi: clay

Mẹṭi-hak-vala: Opanayake, Ratnapura. Mẹṭi: clay

Hiri-vala: Mirigama, Gampaha. Hiri 1: limestone, "Huṇu" (Sorata notes with a question mark); Hiri-gal: coral or limestone (Sinhala, Clough); "Huṇu-gal" (Sinhala, Sorata); Hiri, Hiri-gā: a very large and superior kind of coral that was preferred in making stone slabs for construction (Dhivehi/ Maldivian, DBF); Hiri 2: seems to be a tree or plant, as in Hiri-golla, Kobeigane, Kurunegala; a kind of grass, "Loku pańdura vaśayen vẹḍena tṛṇajātiyak" (Sinhala, Sorata)

Hańgaran-vala: Nagoda, Galle. Hańgaran 1: from Hańgāran: a mineral, yellow orpiment, "Hiriyal" (Sinhala, Sorata); Hańgaran 2: from Sańgaram: Buddhist monastery (Sinhala, Sorata)

Ratu-pas-vala: Gampaha, Gampaha. Ratu-pas: red earth (Sinhala)

* * *

Vala 1/ Vala 2: place names doubtful of meaning or could mean both Vala 1 and Vala 2:


Oru-vala: Kaduwela, Colombo. Oru: canoe; the meaning is not applicable here; probably Horu: thieves

Gẹhẹṇu-vala: Homagama, Colombo.

Kotalā-vala: Kaduwela, Colombo; Bandaragama, Kalutara Kotalā: water pot with spout; in this context probably, Kotalā-kemiya-vẹl: a creeper (Sorata); Kotalā-hiṁbuṭu: a creeper (Sorata)

Kotalā-vala-gama: Rideegama, Kurunegala

Pukuṇu-vala: Dehiovita, Kegalle. Pukuṇu: Pokuṇa?

Bokkā-vala: Pujapitiya, Kandy. Bokka: creek (Clough)

Vila-vala: Dehiwala, Colombo

Amanā-vala: Yatiyanthota, Kegalle. Probably Amaṇa: = Amuṇa

Gondẹ-vala: Rambukkana, Kegalle

Mẹra-vala: Chilaw, Puttalam

Tulā-vala: Dankotuwa, Puttalam

Kẹbilittā-vala: Polgahawela, Kurunegala. Kẹbilitta: potsherd (Clough); probably an archaeological site or potter's kiln pit

Natu-vala: Okewela, Hambantota

Vil-vala: Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya. Could be a pond jungle or a pond pit. Note the locality name Vil-vaḷai in Mathakal, Jaffna

Aravivā-vala: Udanuvara, Kandy. Also written as Aravuvā-vala. Probably, Hẹravīma: act of turning (Clough); Aravi-vāvala?

Kus-vala: Katana, Gampaha.

Vala-kaḍa: Kolonna, Ratnapura; Palindunuwara, Kalutara; Ambalangoda, Galle Vala-kaḍa 1: a piece of forest, "Vana-khaṇḍaya, Vana-kẹbẹlla" (Sinhala, Sorata); Vala-kaḍa 2: valley (Sinhala, Clough; related to Vaḷa)

Valal-goḍa: Embilipitiya, Ratnapura, Rambukkana, Kegalle. Valal: 1. Vala+la; 2. Valal: dry and cracked mud, "Pẹḷi-vaḷalu, Pẹḷi-vaḷan; Maḍa viyalunu viṭa pẹḷī ẹti vana kẹbali"

Huṇu-vala: Opanayake, Ratnapura. Huṇu: 1. Bamboo, "Uṇagasa"; 2. Lime, "Suṇu-gala"; 3. Fallen, "Vẹṭunu, Haṭagat"; 4. Small, "Kuḍā" (Sinhala, Sorata)

Huṇu-kẹṭa-vala: Ukuwela, Matale. Huṇu: lime; Kẹṭa: small stone (Clough); Huṇukẹṭiya-vẹl: a creeper, Stephania (Clough). See Huṇu-vala




Revised: Thursday, 29 December 2016, 21:25

First published: Tuesday, 24 July 2007, 01:00