Know the Etymology: 46
Place Name of the Day: Wednesday, 23 November 2016

Baṁbara-gala, Gal-ambalama, Gal-vaḍu-kuṁbura

ப₃ம்ப₃ர-க₃ல,
க₃ல்-அம்ப₃லம,
க₃ல்-வடு₃-கும்பு₃ர
Baṁbara-gala, Gal-ambalama, Gal-vaḍu-kuṁbura

Baṁbara+gala
Gal+ambalama
Gal+vaḍu+kuṁbura

The rock or hill of Baṁbara beehives

The roadside travellers' rest built of stone

The paddy field of a gem-cutter/ stone sculptor/ stonemason

Gal	(plural and combinations); Gala: (singular) 1. stone, rock (Sinhala, Clough); "Pas atara tibena tada koṭasa"; hard thing, "Tadadeya" (Sinhala, Sorata); 2. hill mountain; "Parvataya" (Sinhala, Sorata); 3. gem; "Mẹṇik" (Sinhala, Sorata); Gala: a place name suffix found in early Brahmi inscriptions of the island (as in Karajhika-gala in inscription No. 472, found in Malvatta, Ampara district; Dipi-gala in inscription No. 1225, found in Eriyāva, Kurunegala district); Kal: stone, pebble, boulder, rock, hill, mountain, hill-name suffix, precious stone, milestone, memorial stone, chiselled stone for building, stony or rocky terrain, cave shelter, stone structure (Tamil, DED 1298, Caṅkam diction, Kuṟuntokai 12: 2; 66: 2; 235: 2-3; Naṟṟiṇai, 354: 8; Akanāṉūṟu, 79: 3; Malaipaṭukaṭām 395; Maṇimēkalai 6: 61; Nālaṭiyār, 38: 6; Tamil Brahmi insciptions, 48.7, 61.15, 62.15, 101.3, 114.3, Mahadevan); cognates in 15 Dravidian languages including Brahui of Pakistan (DED 1298); Kal: = Gal: (Sinhala, Sorata cites Dhambiyā aṭuvā gẹṭapadaya); Kal, Kaṉ, Kaṟ, kaṭ(ṭi), Kāḻ: all related to hardness, the latter two are also verbs (Tamil, DED 1298, 1148, 1493, note the L/ Ṉ/ Ṟ/ Ṭ/ Ḻ changes); for K>G change, Gal: as in Aṛ-gal: small anvil stone; An-gal: hail stone; Guṇḍ-gal: huge round stone; Kep-gal: flint (Kota, DED 86, 355, 1695, 1931); Ore-gal: touchstone (Kannada, DED 665); Gā, Gau, Gale, Gal: (noun and adjective) stone, stony, rock, rocky, hard coral (Dhivehi/ Maldivian); Gala, Galā, Geli, Gāli, Gali, Galla: variations meaning coral features noticed in Maldivian island names (Etymological Dictionary of Maldivian Island names, p. 137-138). See box on Kal in Tamil.
Gala	comes both as prefix and suffix; Gale, Gallē, Gali, Galen, Galu (prefix forms); Gallana, Gallava, Galệva, Gallệva, Gālla (suffix or single terms): see box on Gal for meaning and etymology and related place names for usage examples
Baṁbara1	large black bee of the family Apidæ, beehive, wasp of the family Sphegidæ (Sinhala, Clough); Vamparai: beehive, usually built on high inaccessible rocks by a large type of honeybees; "Perun-tēn-kūṭu" (Eezham Tamil, Batticaloa, Kanthaiya, V.C; the word form is probably routed through Sinhala); Bhamara: bee (Pali, Prakrit, CDIAL 9651); Bambhara: bee (Sanskrit lexicons, CDIAL 9389); Bhan: buzz (Sanskrit, CDIAL 9382); related words Bhṛnga, Bhramara etc. in IA and related words in Dravidian are of onomatopoeic origins; Pampu, Pammu: (verb) to sound (Tamil, DED 3932); to sound as bees (Tamil, Tēvāram, 4: 96: 7); Pampai: a kind of drum (Tamil, Naṟṟiṇai, 212: 5; DED 3932). See column on Mīya-gala
Baṁbara2	a tree, creeper or plant as could be seen in some place names; probably, Baṁbara-vẹl: Dalbergia champonii
Galvaḍu	Gal+vaḍu: 1. gem-cutter, "Mẹṇik sẹṭṭaru" (Sinhala, Sorata); 2. stone sculptor; "Kaḷugalvalin piḷima ādiya sādannā (Sinhala, Sorata); Gal: see box on Gal for the word meaning stone as well as gem; Vaḍu: carpenter, carpenter's measure; "Lī ādiyen karmanta karannā"; "Vaḍu riyana" (Sinhala, Sorata); Vaḍi: = Vaḍu (Sinhala, Sorata); Vaṭi: (verb) to refine, perfect, become beautiful; (noun) form, shape (Tamil, DED 5223); Vaṭi: small cane or stick (Tamil, Malayalam, DED 5224); Vaṭipikka: to have the measure struck (Malayalam, DED 5224); note the usage Kal-taccaṉ in Tamil literally meaning stone carpenter (inscription, 1087 CE, EC, ix, Cp, 77); see column on Vaḍuvā-vala for further etymology.
Ambalama	kind of shed built on the roadside for travellers to rest in (Sinhala, Clough); Ampalam: hall, open hall, hall for the public to take shelter (Tamil, Paripāṭal, 18: 27: 9; Maṇimēkalai, 3: 106-107; 14: 4); open space for the use of the public, village assembly for transacting village affairs (Tamil, DED 173); cognates in Malayalam, Kannada, Kodagu and Tulu (DED 173); Amparam: abode, sleeping place (Tamil, Piṅkalam, 4: 260). See column on Ambalan-toṭa

Gal/ Gala is a popular place name component in Sinhala. The antiquity of its toponymic usage goes back to the times of early Brahmi inscriptions in the island.

Generally meaning stone, rock and hardness, and also meaning gemstone, the term especially in toponymic contexts, often means a rocky hill or hill/ mountain in general. The different shades of meaning could be noticed in the place names taken up for discussion in this column.

See box for Kal in Tamil/ Dravidian, which is of early literary and Brahmi inscriptional usage in Tamil, sharing all the shades of meaning for Gal in Sinhala. The cognates are found in 15 Dravidian languages including the North Dravidian language Brahui in Pakistan (DED 1298).

In explaining the presence of Gala in the early Brahmi inscriptions of the island, Paranavitana tends to trace etymology to Śaila in Sanskrit, through Ś/ H/ G/ K change (Paranavitana, Glossary, p. 107). Remote connections in the origins of IA and Dravidian are always on the cards, but see box above for Kal having a variety of related terms including verbs in Dravidian, basically meaning hardness. On the K > G change, examples could be seen within Dravidian itself, especially in Kota and Kannada (see box). Also note that Kal itself is taken as a Sinhala word and is equated to Gal (Sorata).

Kal meaning a hill/ mountain is of very early usage in Tamil, having literary attestations and Kal/ Kallu ending hill names/ place names are common in South Indian languages. To cite a few examples: Tiru-mutu-kal (the sacred old hill, Tamil Nadu), Ānēkal/ Ānēkallu (the elephant hill, Bangalore, Karnataka), Mudkal/ Mudukallu (the old hill, Raichur, northern Karnataka), Eḍakal/ Eḍakallu (the hill in the middle or the hill of cattle herders, Kerala-Karnataka border).

* * *

Kal in the meaning of hill:

"விண் தோய் கல் நாடன்" (கலித்தொகை, 39: 7)

"Viṇ tōy kal nāṭaṉ" (Kalittokai, 39: 7)

The man from the village in the sky-dipping hill

* * *

Bambara is the largest and the most dangerous of the honeybees of the island. The beehives of them, which are also known by the same term or by the phrase Baṁbara-mīya, are usually found in high and inaccessible rock faces of the hills.

Baṁbara in Sinhala is a cognate of Bhamara in Pali/ Prakrit, meaning bee (CDIAL 9651). But the etymology of related terms both in IA and Dravidian are onomatopoeic, coming from the swarm and buzzing of the honeybees. Note the verb form Pampu in Tamil/ Dravidian (DED 3932) and its usage to mean the swarm or buzz of honeybees.

"தும்பி பம்பும் மட்டு ஆர் குழலி" (தேவாரம், 4: 96: 7)

"Tumpi pampum maṭṭu ār kuḻali" (Tēvāram, 4: 96: 7)

The goddess of the hairdo of honey oozing flowers where the bees buzz

"பம்பு தேன் மிஞிறு" (கம்பர், 1: 16: 2)

"Pampu tēṉ miñiṟu" (Kampar, 1: 16: 2)

The swarming or buzzing honeybees

"சுரும்பும் வண்டும் மிஞிறும் தும்பிகளும் பம்ப" (கம்பர், 1: 22: 17)

"Curumpum vaṇṭum miñiṟum tumpikaḷum pampa" (Kampar, 1: 22: 17)

As the (different types of honeybees) Curumpu, Vaṇṭu, Miñiṟu and Tumpi buzz

* * *

There are a number of word forms deriving from Gal/ Gala in Sinhala such as Gale, Gallē, Gali, Galen, Galu Gallana, Gallava, Galệva, Gallệva and Gālla that come in the place names. See related place names for the usage examples. There are also other columns discussing these place names and Kal-related Tamil place names. Most of the components that are associated with the terms are also explained in the other columns.

For discussions on Ampalam/ Ambalama meaning a roadside travellers' rest, Vaḍu/ Vaḍuvā meaning a carpenter or stoneworker and for Kuṁbura meaning paddy field, see other columns.

* * *

Baṁbara-gala is a place in Weligepola division of Ratnapura district. There is another Baṁbara-gala in the Nuvaragala reserved forest in Kelavinna in the Uhana division of Ampara district. The beehives and the Vedda legacy of the latter were immortalised in R. L. Spittel's book, "The Vanished Trails."

Gal-ambalama is in Medadumbara division of Kandy district.

Gal-vaḍu-kuṁbura is a place in Matale division of Matale district.

* * *

Some related place names:

Gal: (prefix)

Gal-amuṇa: Kundasale, Kandy; Mahawewa, Puttalam; Lankapura, Polonnaruwa; Siyambalanduwa, Moneragala

Gal-loḷuva: Gal+oḷuva: Minuwangoda, Gampaha; Gampaha, Gampaha

Gallassa: Gal+lẹssa: Kalutara, Kalutara

Gal-lēna-vatta: Thumpane, Kandy

Gallẹlla: Gal+ẹlla: The hill-waterfalls or the rocky rapid Pujapitiya, Kandy;

Gallệlla: Gal+ẹlla: Ratnapura, Ratnapura; Thamankaduwa, Polonnaruwa

Puja-gal-lena: Elpitiya, Galle

Gal-lindu-mulla: Katuwana, Hambantota

Gal-lẹhẹ-piṭiya: Gal+lẹhẹ+piṭiya: The table ground of rocky thicket; Paduwasnuwara East, Kurunegala. See Gallassa

Gal-lẹhẹ-mulla: Pannala, Kurunegala

Gal-lena-mulla: Polgahawela, Kurunegala

Gallulla: Gal+ulla: Lunugala, Badulla

Tena-gal-lańda: Moneragala, Moneragala

Gal-lena-kanda: Imbulpe, Ratnapura. Gal-len: rock cave; "galguhāva" (Sinhala, Sorata)

Gal-linna: Pelmadulla, Ratnapura

Ẹ-gal-oya: Bulathsinhala, Kalutara

Kaḷu-gal-oya: Udadumbara, Kandy

Koṭa-gal-oluva: Udunuwara, Kandy

Gal-oya: Doluwa, Kandy; Hingurakgoda, Polonnaruwa

Huṇu-gal-oya: Kothmale, Nuwara Eliya

Gal-ōḍē: Padiyathalawa, Ampara

Ēk-gal-oya: Damana, Ampara

Yaṭi-gal-oḷuva: Alawwa, Kurunegala

Sen-gal-oya: Arachchikkattuva, Puttalam

Pā-gal-ōviṭa: Imbulpe, Ratnapura

Gal-vehera: Balapitiya, Galle

Gal-vihāra-vẹva: Thambuttegama, Anuradhapura

Gal-vala: Dehiwala, Colombo

Gal-vẹṭiya: Wattala, Gampaha. Gal-vẹṭi: stone-made bank, dam, enclosure, etc. "Galin tẹnū vẹṭa" (Sinhala, Sorata)

Gal-vala-goḍa: Dompe, Gampaha

Gal-vaḍu-goḍa: Galle Four Gravets, Galle

Mahā-gal-vẹva: Sooriyawewa, Matara

Gal-vẹva: Hambantota, Hambantota; Beliatta, Hambantota; Bingiriya, Kurunegala

Gal-vāḍiya: Walasmulla, Hambantota

Kiri-gal-vẹva: Medawachchiya, Anuradhapura

Gal-vīra-gollệva: Rambewa, Anuradhapura

Gal-vaḍuvā-gama: Galenbindunuwewa, Anuradhapura; Thalawa, Anuradhapura

Gal-vaňguva: Ipalogama, Anuradhapura

Gal-vela-gama: Lunugala, Badulla

Gal-gāna: Mirigama, Gampaha

Gal-gamuva: Mirigama, Gampaha; Akmeemana, Galle; Galgamuwa, Kurunegala; Alawwa, Kurunegala; Madulla, Moneragala

Gal-gē-maṇḍiya: Bandaragama, Kalutara

Hiri-gal-goḍẹlla: Beruwala, Kalutara

Gal-geḍiyāva: Udapalatha, Kandy

Gal-goḍa-yāya: Galewela, Mathale

Gal-geda-vala: or Galge-davala: Laggala-Pallegama, Matale

Panu-gal-goḍa: Imaduwa, Galle

Gal-giriyāva: Polpithigama, Kurunegala

Baṇḍāri-gal-goḍa: Bingiriya, Kurunegala

Kuḍā-gal-gamuva: Maspotha, Kurunegala

Gal-gam-mulla: Kuliyapitiya, Kurunegala

Aḷu-gal-gē: Madulla, Moneragala

Kaṭu-gaha-gal-gē: Badalkumbura, Moneragala

Gal-goda-gama: Weligegoda, Ratnapura

Gal-ēdaṇḍa: Biyagama, Gampaha

Gal-ẹṭuṁba: Mulatiyana, Matara

Gal-kanda: Minuwangoda, Gampaha; Pujapitiya, Kandy; Kirinda Puhulwella, Matara; Damana, Ampara; Haputale, Badulla; Opanayake, Ratnapura

Mora-gal-kanda: Divulapitiya, Gampaha

Mā-gal-kanda: Beruwala, Kalutara

Gal-koṭuva: Medadumbara, Kandy

Gal-kẹṭi-vela: Walapane, Nuwara Eliya

Gal-kaḍavala: Walapane, Nuwara Eliya; Gomarankadawala, Trincomalee; Koṭavehera, Kurunegala; Nuwaragam Palatha, Anuradhapura

Gal-kaḍa-patana: Walapane, Nuwara Eliya

Gal-kẹṭiya: Bope-Poddala, Galle

Gal-kẹṭi-kanda: Pasgoda, Matara

Maha-gal-kaḍawala: Galgamuwa, Kurunegala

Gal-kẹṭiyā-gama: Polpithigama, Kurunegala

Gal-kẹṭi-gama: Ibbagamuwa, Kurunegala

Huṇu-gal-kaḍulla: Rideegama, Kurunegala. Kaḍulla: from Kaḍulu: 1. outside of an embankment; "Vẹṭakin piṭavana tẹna"; 2. entrance, passage; "Doraṭuva"; 3. cavity; "sidura" (Sinhala, Sorata); related to Kaṭa (verb, DED 1109)

Gal-kuliya: Mahakumbukkadawala: Puttalam

Gal-kandē-gama: Rambewa, Anuradhapura

Maha-gal-kandē-gama: Kahatagasdigiliya, Anuradhapura

Gal-kuḷama: Galenbindunuwewa, Anuradhapura; Thirapane, Anuradhapura

Gal-kiriyā-gama: Palagala, Anuradhapura

Ug-gal-kal-toṭa: Balangoda, Ratnapura

Rā-gal-kanda: Warakapola, Kegalle

Ug-gal-boḍa: Minuwangoda, Gampaha

Gal-boḍa: Attanagalla, Gampaha; Naula, Matale

Gal-borẹlla: Kelaniya, Gampaha. Gal-boralu: small stone, pebble; "Kuḍā gal kẹṭa" (Sinhala, Sorata)

Ug-gal-baḍa: Kalutara, Kalutara

Gal-baḍa: Bentota, Galle; Thihagoda, Matara: Gal-baḍa: hill adjacency, "Kanda samīpaya" (Sinhala, Sorata

Gal-bokka: Weligama, Matara; Madulla, Moneragala; Wellawaya, Moneragala; Aranayake. Kegalla

Gal-bińdina-ẹḷa: Rideegama, Kurunegala

Gal-baḍa-gama: Polgahawela, Kurunegala

De-gal-doruva: Kondasale, Kandy

Gal-doḷa: Hatharaliyadda, Kandy

Gal-dūva: Hikkaduwa, Galle

Gōna-gal-deṇiya: Mawathagama, Kurunegala

Gal-deṇiya: Alawwa, Kurunegala

Gal-hēna: Beruwala, Kalutara

Gal-hinna: Pujapitiya, Kandy

Kaḷu-gal-hinna: Udapalatha, Kandy

Gal-matta: Mathugama, Kalutara

Gal-maḍuva: Kundasale, Kandy; Damana, Ampara; Thalawa, Anuradhapura (the latter two are related to pond)

Gal-mangoda: Balapitiya, Galle

Uḍu-gal-moṭē-gama: Beliatta, Hambantota

Gal-mẹṭiyāva: Thampalakamam, Trincomalee

Gal-muruva: Madampe. Puttalam

Gal-nệva: Galnewa, Anuradhapura

Gal-potu-goḍa: Dompe, Gampaha

Gal-pāta: Millaniya, Kalutara

Gal-pottā-vila: Dodangoda, Kalutara

Gal-pihilla: Kundasale, Kandy

Gal-pāya: GI Korale, Kandy; Weligepola, Ratnapura

Yaṭi-gal-potta: Galewela, Matale

Gal-pōru-golla: Naula, Matale

Kiri-gal-potta: Matale, Matale

Dig-gal-potta: Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya

Gal-pālama: Nuwara Eliya, Nuwara Eliya

Gal-pottā-vala: Karandeniya, Galle

Kuḍu-gal-pola: Thawalama, Galle

Gal-pamuṇa: Malimbada, Matara

Gal-potta-yāya: Weeraketiya, Hambantota

Gal-potu-kanda: Katuwana, Hambantota: Gal-potu: "Gal-talāva" (Sinhala, Sorata)

Gal-pānava: Rasnayakapura, Kurunegala

Ug-gal-pāya: Mawathagama, Kurunegala

Gal-pola: Kuliyapitiya, Kurunegala

Gal-pottē-pola: Alawwa, Kurunegala

Gal-pottē-gama: Nuwaragam Palatha, Anuradhapura

Dig-gal-pura: Medirigiriya, Polonnaruwa

Gal-pōru-yāya: Mahiyanganaya, Badulla

Gal-pala: Rambukkana, Kegalle

Gal-pāta: Yatiyanthota, Kegalle

Gal-toṭa-mulla: Gampaha, Gampaha

Gal-tuḍē: Panadura, Kalutara. Tuḍē: cognate of Tuḍuva, Tuṇṭi

Kaḷu-gal-tẹnna: Ambaganga Korale; Matale

Gal-tuḍuva: Bentota, Galle

Gal-ḍẹn-vẹva: Polpithigama, Kurunegala. See Gal-ṭẹň-hēna, Gal-ṭẹm-maṇḍiya

Gal-taṁbarāva: Gal-taṁba-arāva: Thamankaduwa, Polonnaruwa. Taṁba: burnt forest for shifting cultivation

Gal-ṭẹň-hēna: Ella, Badulla. Ṭẹm: = Ṭaṁba: pillar, Taṁbha, Kaṇuva (Sinhala, Sorata)

Gal-ṭẹm-manḍiya: Buttala, Moneragala

Gal-uḍu-piṭa: Wattala, Gampaha

* * *

Galla: (suffix)

Ug-galla: Padukka, Colombo; Harispattuva, Kandy

Miriya-galla: Padukka, Colombo

Bala-galla: Divulapitiya, Gampaha

Attana-galla: Attanagalla, Gampaha

Hag-galla: Attanagalla, Gampaha

Kaṁburā-galla: Attanagalla, Gampaha

Ińduru-galla: Dompe, Gampaha

Daň-galla: Dompe, Gampaha

Ẹṭi-kehel-galla: Mahara, Gampaha

Vēyan-galla: Bulathsinhala, Kalutara

Mora-galla: Beruwala, Kalutara

Hẹḍi-galla: Palindunuwara, Kalutara

Vẹli-galla: Pujapitiya, Kandy; Udunuwara, Kandy; Mawanella, Kegalle

Baṭa-galla: Pujapitiya, Kandy; Pathahewaheta, Kandy

Maḍu-galla: Udadumbara, Kandy

Ken-galla: Kundasale, Kandy

Ala-galla: Hatharaliyadda, Kandy

Piḷi-galla: Udunuwara, Kandy

Kaha-galla: Bentota, Galle

Hẹ-galla: Balapitiya, Galle

Ahuň-galla: Balapitiya, Galle

Horaň-galla: Niyagama, Galle

Mal-galla: Thawalama, Galle

Talaň-galla: Thawalama, Galle

Titta-galla: Imaduwa, Galle

Del-galla: Devinuwara, Matara

Goḍa-kog-galla: Ambalantota, Hambantota

Kog-galla: Ambalantota, Hambantota

Beli-galla: Beliatta, Hambantota

Taň-galla: Tangalle, Hambantota

Atara-galla: Ehetuwewa, Kurunegala

Hulu-galla: Nikaweratiya, Kurunegala

Kirińdi-galla: Nikaweratiya, Kurunegala; Ibbagamuwa, Kurunegala

Tala-galla: Maho, Kurunegala

Maḍa-galla: Polpithigama, Kurunegala

Kaḷu-galla: Polpithigama, Kurunegala; Kegalle, Kegalle

Uyan-galla: Ganewatta, Kurunegala

Taṁba-galla: Ganewatta, Kurunegala

Piyum-galla: Wariyapola, Kurunegala

Rat-galla: Kurunegala, Kurunegala

Telaṁbu-galla: Rideegama, Kurunegala

Raṁ-baḍa-galla: Rideegama, Kurunegala

Kiribat-galla: Rideegama, Kurunegala

Pū-galla: Weerambugedara, Kurunegala

Raṇas-galla: Kuliyapitiya East, Kurunegala

Dī-galla: Kuliyapitiya East, Kurunegala; Hali-Ela, Badulla

Bẹmiṇi-galla: Kuliyapitiya East, Kurunegala

Nāraň-galla: Kuliyapitiya East, Kurunegala

Haman-galla: Pannala, Kurunegala

Kivul-galla: Narammala, Kurunegala

Ẹ-galla: Polgahawela, Kurunegala; Warakapola, Kegalle

Taṁba-galla: Madampe, Puttalam

Korasa-galla: Kekirawa, Anuradhapura. Korasa: (adjective) rough (Sinhala, Clough); "Karkaśa"(Sinhala, Sorata); rough, hard (Sanskrit, CDIAL 2822); Karusu: rough (Telugu, DED 1265); related to Karaṭu: roughness (Tamil, DED 1265)

Kaḍiyaň-galla: Ipalogama, Anuradhapura. Kaḍi: forest; Kaḍiyan: a kind of ant

Kaṇavē-galla: Bibile, Moneragala

Daṁba-galla: Madulla, Moneragala

Kanug-galla: Kiriella, Ratnapura

Nora-galla: Nivithigala, Ratnapura

Kẹ-galla: Kegalle, Kegalle. Probably, Kē: "Keta", paddy field (Sinhala, Sorata)

Kolon-galla: Kegalle, Kegalle

Ẹvuṇu-galla: Kegalle, Kegalle

Nāṅ-galla: Warakapola, Kegalle

Vệ-galla: Bulathkohupitiya, Kegalle. Vệ: Vẹva (Sinhala, Sorata)

Raň-galla: Bulathkohupitiya, Kegalla

Vīra-galla: Yatiyanthota, Kegalle

Velan-galla: Dehiovita, Kegalle

* * *

Galla: (prefix)

Galla-vatta: Ja-Ela, Gampaha

Gallan-dala: Thawalama. Galle

Gallala: Galla+la: Akuressa, Matara

* * *

Gala: (suffix)

Araň-gala: Kaduwela, Colombo; Kundasale, Kandy; Naula, Matale

Āṭi-gala: Homagama, Colombo

Niyańda-gala: Homagama, Colombo

Vēra-gala: Padukka, Colombo; Beruwala, Kalutara; Ganewatta, Kurunegala

Kuru-gala: Padukka, Colombo. Kuru: 1. (adjective) small (Sinhala, Clough); Kuṟu: (verb) to become short; (noun) short (Tamil, DED 1851); 2. Kuru: gravel, "Akuru" (Sinhala, Sorata)

Hora-gala: Padukka, Colombo; Kotapola, Matara

Mala-gala: Padukka, Colombo

Mā-hiṅgala: Padukka, Colombo. Hin < Hiṇ: steps (Sorata)

Bōla-gala: Divulapitiya, Gampaha

Āńdā-gala-kanda: Mirigama, Gampaha

Nẹv-gala: Mirigama, Gampaha; Siyambanduwa, Moneragala

Ellaṅ-gala: Minuwangoda, Gampaha

Mattuma-gala: Wattala, Gampaha

Bala-gala: Wattala, Gampaha; Rideegama, Kurunegala; Uva Paranagama, Badulla

Karasnā-gala: Attagalla, Gampaha

Bōnẹ-gala: Attanagala, Gampaha

Kệra-gala: Dompe, Gampaha

Mītiri-gala: Dompe, Gampaha

Puṭu-pā-gala: Dompe, Gampaha

Ram-mutu-gala: Mahara, Gampaha; Narammala, Kurunegala

Bollệ-gala: Biyagama, Gampaha

Dig-gala: Panadura, Kalutara; Galewela, Matale

Tala-gala: Horana, Kalutara

Kiri-gala-hēna: Horana, Kalutara

Ōviṭiyā-gala: Horana, Kalutara

Nartana-gala: Horana, Kalutara

Koṭi-gala: Ingiriya, Kalutara

Ūru-gala: Ingiriya, Kalutara

Ẹdurā-gala: Ingiriya, Kalutara

Mā-puṭu-gala: Ingiriya, Kalutara

Nāra-gala: Bulathsinhala, Kalutara

Uḍu-gala-kanda: Bulathsinhala, Kalutara

Yāla-gala: Millaniya, Kalutara

Rannun-gala: Kalutara, Kalutara

Hīnaṭiyan-gala: Kalutara, Kalutara

Payā-gala: Beruwala, Kalutara

Tuḍu-gala: Dodangoda, Kalutara

Diya-gala: Mathugama, Kalutara

Ōviṭi-gala: Mathugama, Kalutara

Keviṭiyā-gala: Agalawatta, Kalutara

Pẹṇi-gala: Palindunuwara, Kalutara

Kaḷu-gala: Palindunuwara, Kalutara; Udadumbara, Kandy; Ambagamuwa, Nuwara Eliya; Palagala, Anuradhapura; Warakapola, Kegalle

Mora-gala: Walallavita, Kalutara; Pasgoda, Matara

Maṇḍā-gala: Walallaviṭa, Kalutara. Maṇḍa, Maṇḍā: "Taliya", plate, dish (Sinhala, Sorata); Maṇṭai: mendicant's begging bowl, earthen vessel (Tamil, DED 4682)

Karapā-gala: Walallavita, Kalutara

Kobbệ-gala: Thumpane, Kandy

Kon-kala-gala: Akurana, Kandy

Dī-gala: Akurana, Kandy; Elpitiya, Galle

Balana-gala: Pathadumbara, Kandy

Gẹrańdi-gala: Udadumbara, Kandy

Navana-gala: Udadumbara, Kandy

Ganē-gala: Udadumbara, Kandy

Uḍayā: gala: Minipe, Kandy

Tunis-gala: Medadumbara, Kandy

Raň-gala: Medadumbara, Kandy

Nil-gala: Medadumbara, Kandy; Bibile, Moneragala

Ambala-gala: Medadumbara, Kandy

Namańda-gala: Medadumbara, Kandy

Vẹ-gala: Medadumbara, Kandy

Raja-gala: Medadumbara, Kandy

Seň-kaḍa-gala: Kandy Four Gravets, Kandy

Hīrẹssa-gala: Kandy Four Gravets, Kandy

Hińda-gala: Kandy Four Gravets, Kandy

Iṇi-gala: Harispattuwa, Kandy

Yaṭi-hala-gala: Harispattuwa, Kandy

Yag-gala: Hataraliyadda, Kandy

Koḷu-gala: Hatharaliyadda, Kandy

Bẹluň-gala: Udanuwara, Kandy

Davula-gala: Udanuwara, Kandy

Vāriya-gala: Doluwa, Kandy

Huṇu-gala: Doluwa, Kandy

Monaraň-gala: Pathahewaheta, Kandy

Dora-gala: Udapalatha, Kandy

Kara-gala: GI Korale, Kandy; Galigamuwa, Kegalle

Kara-hańdun-gala: Pasbage Korale, Kandy

Piduraň-gala: Dambulla, Matale

Bulā-gala: Dambulla, Matale

Yakkurā-gala: Dambulla, Matale

Ōpal-gala: Naula, Matale

Lag-gala: Laggala-Pallegama, Matale

Kaha-gala: Laggala-Pallegama, Kandy; Kamburupitiya, Matara

Lēḍiyan-gala: Wilgamuwa, Matale

Vehera-gala: Wilgamuwa. Matale; Damana, Ampara; Rajanganaya, Anuradhapura; Thabuttegama, Anuradhapura; Medirigiriya, Polonnaruwa; Dimbulagala, Polonnaruwa; Lunugamvehera, Hambantota; Moneragala, Moneragala; Buttala, Moneragala

Lakē-gala: Laggala-Pallegama, Matale

Taṁbala-gala: Rattota, Matale

Muva-gala: Ukuwela, Matale

Vẹhi-gala: Ukuwela, Matale

Vẹli-gala: Ukuwela, Matale

Haraň-gala: Kothmale, Nuwara Eliya. Aran: Araṇyaya (Sinhala, Sorata)

Dōḷu-gala: Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya

Okańda-gala: Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya

Maha-kuḍu-gala: Walapane, Nuwara Eliya

Rā-gala: Walapane, Nuwara Eliya

Koṭa-gala: Nuwara Eliya, Nuwara Eliya

Tīniya-gala: Ambagamuwa, Nuwara Eliya

Koṭiya-gala: Ambagamuwa, Nuwara Eliya

Haburu-gala: Bentota, Galle

Yaṭa-gala: Karandeniya, Galle

Mā-gala: Karandeniya, Galle

Vallaṁba-gala: Elpitiya, Galle

Navada-gala: Elpitiya, Galle

Piṭi-gala: Elpitiya, Galle

Hal-viṭi-gala: Thawalama, Galle

Panan-gala: Thawalama, Galle

Baṭuvaň-gala: Neluwa, Galle

Vavulā-gala: Baddegama, Galle

Hāmiň-gala: Welivitiya-Divithura, Galle

Koṇḍa-gala: Ambalangoda, Galle

Harannā-gala: Hikkaduwa, Galle

Hapu-gala: Galle Four Gravets, Galle; Bope-Poddala, Galle

Vatō-gala: Yakkalamulla, Galle

Uḍumala-gala: Yakkalamulla, Galle

Nẹvun-gala: Yakkalamulla, Galle

Yaṭa-mala-gala: Yakkalamulla, Galle

Badun-gala: Yakkalamulla, Galle

Kabara-gala: Imaduwa, Galle. Kabara: paddy field, "Kuṁbura" (Sorata)

Hīnaṭṭi-gala: Habaraduwa, Galle

Kog-gala: Habaraduwa, Galle

Daň-gala: Pitabeddara, Matara

Dẹraň-gala: Pitabeddara, Matara

Koṭa-gala: Pitabeddara, Matara

Uvara-gala: Kotapola, Matara. Uvara: = Ubara: paddy field, "Kuṁbura" (Sorata, appendix); Kuṁbura > Uṁbura > Ubara > Uvara (Sorata, appendix)

Para-gala: Kotapola, Matara; Ayagama, Ratnapura

Paṭṭi-gala: Pasgoda, Matara

Dediya-gala: Akuressa, Matara

Kara-puṭu-gala: Kamburupitiya, Matara

Kōň-gala: Hakmana, Matara

Nāraň-gala: Thihagoda, Matara; Kandaketiya, Badulla; Araṇāyaka, Kegalle; Bulathkohupitiya, Kegalle

Nādu-gala: Thihagoda, Matara

Nidan-gala: Weligama, Matara

Valas-gala: Dickwella, Matara

Vihāra-gala: Sooriyawewa, Hambantota; Haldummulla, Badulla

Ẹlla-gala: Thissamaharama, Hambantota

Yahaň-gala: Hambantota, Hambantota

Tāli-gala: Ambalantota, Hambantota

Hātā-gala: Ambalantota, Hambantota

Yakā-gala: Angunakolapelessa, Hambantota

Hańdapāň-gala: Weeraketiya, Hambantota; Hańda-pāna, Sańda-pāna: moonlight (Sinhala, Clough); note Hańda-pān-gala

Kemē-gala: Weeraketiya, Hambantota

Mul-giri-gala: Weeraketiya, Hambantota

Yaṭi-gala: Okewela, Hambantota

Vāḍi-gala: Tangalle, Hambantota

Mā-raň-gala: Padiyathalawa, Ampara

Kuḍā-haras-gala: Mahaoya, Ampara

Lāhu-gala: Mahaoya, Ampara

Piyan-gala: Uhana, Ampara

Gala-piṭi-gala: Uhana, Ampara

Gōna-gala: Uhana, Ampara; Ruwanwella, Kegalle

Lātu-gala: Uhana, Ampara

Buddhaň-gala: Uhana, Ampara; Padaviya, Anuradhapura

Muvaň-gala: Damana, Ampara

Diviyā-gala: Damana, Ampara

Vaḍinā-gala: Damana, Ampara

Kuruṇệ-gala: Kurunegala, Kurunegala

Halmilla-gala: Giribawa, Kurunegala

Sẹrasum-gala: Giribawa, Kurunegala

Oru-gala: Giribawa, Kurunegala

Vēra-gala: Giribawa, Kurunegala; Narammala, Kurunegala; Warakapola, Kegalle

Ẹtini-vẹṭunu-gala: Galgamuwa, Kurunegala

Us-gala: Galgamuwa, Kurunegala; Thanamalvila, Moneragala

Bẹluň-gala: Ambanpola, Kurunegala

Nā-gala: Kotavehera, Kurunegala; Bibile, Moneragala

Hīnug-gala: Maho. Kurunegala

Deṁbaṭa-gala: Polpithigama, Kurunegala

Baṇḍāra-gala: Mawathagama, Kurunegala

Gōnā-gala: Mawathagama, Kurunegala

Sańda-gala: Weerambugedara, Kurunegala. Sańda: moon, joint, noble, high (Clough)

Damuṇu-gala: Weerambugedara, Kurunegala

Henḍiya-gala: Pannala, Kurunegala

Mutu-gala: Narammala, Kurunegala; Welikanda, Polonnaruwa

Rili-gala: Narammala, Kurunegala

Hańda-pān-gala: Narammala, Kurunegala

Hańdu-gala: Polgahawela, Kurunegala. See Sańda-gala; also Hańdun, Sańdun: sandalwood (Sinhala, Clough); Cantu, Cāntu: sandalwood (Tamil, DED 2448); from the verb Cāttu: to anoint (Tamil, DED 2448)

Vīrā-gala: Polgahawela, Kurunegala

Labu-gala: Anamaduwa, Puttalam

Tōni-gala: Anamaduwa, Puttalam

Mā-niň-gala: Nattandiya, Puttalam

Ẹli-kiṁbulā-gala: Padaviya, Anuradhapura

Hańda-gala: Kebithigollewa, Anuradhapura; see Sańda-gala, Hańdu-gala

Nayi-gala: Rajanganaya, Anuradhapura

Ẹńda-gala: Thalawa, Anuradhapura

Koṭā-gala: Kekirawa, Anuradhapura

Galapiṭa-gala: Palugaswewa, Anuradhapura

Mal-bali-gala: Galnewa, Anuradhapura

Karavila-gala: Palagala, Anuradhapura

Palā-gala: Palagala, Anuradhapura

Āṇḍiyā-gala: Palagala, Anuradhapura

Maduraň-gala: Welikanda, Polonnaruwa

Diṁbulā-gala: Dimbulagala, Polonnaruwa

Nuvara-gala: Dimbulagala, Polonnaruwa

Bańdanā-gala: Dimbulagala, Polonnaruwa

Kaniccā-gala: Dimbulagala. Polonnaruwa

Kalaha-gala: Thamankaduwa, Polonnaruwa

Sẹ-gala: Elahera, Polonnaruwa

Gōṇā-gala: Passara, Badulla

Kuḍu-gala: Passara, Badulla

Luṇu-gala: Lunugala, Badulla

Uḷu-gala: Uva Paranagama, Badulla; Buttala, Moneragala

Dara-gala: Uva Paranagama, Badulla

Rahaň-gala: Welimada, Badulla

Toṭalā-gala: Haputale, Badulla

Bera-gala: Haldummulla, Badulla

Pūnā-gala: Haldummulla, Badulla

Karāńḍu-gala: Bibile. Moneragala

Monerā-gala: Moneragala, Moneragala

Ussā-gala: Bibile, Moneragala

Ińginiya-gala: Madulla, Moneragala

Kōṭṭa-gala: Madulla, Moneragala

Mīya-gala: Siyambalanduwa, Moneragala

Koṭiyā-gala: Siyambalanduwa, Moneragala

Neluva-gala: Wellawaya, Moneragala

Buduruva-gala: Wellawaya, Moneragala

Hańda-pānā-gala: Wellawaya, Moneragala. See Hańda-pāň-gala

Sevana-gala: Sevanagala, Moneragala

Habaru-gala: Sevanagala, Moneragala

Mōra-gala: Eheliyagoda, Ratnapura

Palī-gala: Eheliyagoda, Ratnapura

Hińduraň-gala: Eheliyagoda, Ratnapura

Suda-gala: Kuruvita, Ratnapura

Kira-gala: Kuruvita, Ratnapura

Māṭuvā-gala: Kiriella, Ratnapura

Kolańda-gala: Ratnapura, Ratnapura

Kirińdi-gala: Balangoda, Ratnapura

Kura-gala: Balangoda, Ratnapura

Rāssa-gala: Balangoda, Ratnapura

Peṭṭi-gala: Balangoda, Ratnapura

Dippiṭi-gala: Pelmadulla, Ratnapura

Uḍu-gala: Ayagama, Ratnapura

Hańgaraň-gala: Kalawana, Ratnapura

Vẹddā-gala: Kalawana, Ratnapura

Niviti-gala: Nivithigala, Ratnapura

Kiribat-gala: Nivithigala, Ratnapura

Horaň-gala: Nivithigala, Ratnapura

Panahẹṭa-gala: Nivithigala, Ratnapura

Māra-gala: Godakawela, Ratnapura

Haṭan-gala: Weligepola, Ratnapura

Baṁbara-gala: Weligepola, Ratnapura

Sudu-gala: Embilipitiya, Ratnapura

Hā-gala: Embilipitiya, Ratnapura

Kuṭṭi-gala: Embilipitiya, Ratnapura

Padalaň-gala: Embilipitiya, Ratnapura

Dalug-gala: Rambukkana, Kegalle

Aṁbuvan-gala: Rambukkana, Kegalle

Ambulu-gala: Mawanella, Kegalle

Kūra-gala: Mawanella, Kegalle

Vā-kiri-gala: Araṇāyaka, Kegalle

Devana-gala: Araṇāyaka, Kegalle

Kalu-gala: Araṇāyaka, Kegalle

Bera-gala: Kegalle, Kegalle

Ẹkiriya-gala: Kegalle, Kegalle

Bō-gala: Kegalle, Kegalle

Iṁbul-gala: Galigamuwa, Kegalle

Tāṁba-gala: Warakapola, Kegalle

Lena-gala: Warakapola, Kegalle; Ruwanwella, Kegalle

Ēbiḍi-gala: Warakapola, Kegalle

Amitiri-gala: Ruwanwella, Kegalle

Kaṇu-gala: Ruwanwella, Kegalle

Dēdu-gala: Bulathkohupitiya, Kegalle

Am-pā-gala: Bulathkohipitiya, Kegalle

Kitul-gala: Yatiyanthota, Kegalle

Dayi-gala: Dehiovita, Kegalle. Dayiva: deity (Sinhala, Sorata)

Baṭaň-gala: Dehiovita, Kegalle

Basnā-gala: Deraniyagala, Kegalle. Basnā: (adjective) descending, sun-setting (Sinhala, Clough)

Dẹraṇiya-gala: Deraniyagala, Kegalle

Mā-gala: Deraniyagala, Kegalle

* * *

Gala: (prefix)

Gala-vila-vatta: Homagama, Colombo

Gala-gedara: Padukka, Colombo; Thumpane, Kandy; Nikaweratiya, Kurunegala; Ganewatta, Kurunegala; Maspotha, Kurunegala; Kuliyapitiya West, Kurunegala

Gala-hiṭiyāva: Gampaha, Gampaha; Kuliyapitiya West, Kurunegala; Madampe, Puttalam

Gala-hēna: Bulathsinhala, Kalutara

Gala-hiṭiya: Bulathsinhala, Kalutara; Palindunuwara, Kalutara; Walasmulla, Hambantota; Godakawela, Ratnapura

Gala-bāva: Thumpane, Kandy

Vaṭa-gala-tẹnna: Pujapitiya, Kandy

Gala-deṇiya: Pathadumbara, Kandy

Kaḷu-gala-vatta: Pathadumbara, Kandy

Gala-muduna: Minipe, Kandy

Uḍa-gala-de-bokka: Minipe, Kandy

Mahā-gala-hīnna: Minipe, Kandy

Gala-baḍa-vatta: Medadumbara, Kandy

Gal-ambalama: Medadumbara, Kandy

Gala-piṭa-aṁbē: Kundasale, Kandy

Gala-goḍa: Pathahewaheta, Kandy; Hikkaduwa, Galle

Galaha: Deltota, Kandy

Galata: Udapalatha, Kandy

Gala-pā-mula: Galewela, Matale

Vēra-gala-vatta: Galewela, Matale

Nā-gala-vẹva: Dambulla, Matale

Gala-hiṭiyā-gama: Pallepola, Matale; Polpithigama, Kurunegala

Gala-gama: Yatawatta, Matale

Gala-liyadda: Yatawatta, Matale

Gala-uḍa-hēna: Ukuwela, Matale

Gala-uḍa: Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya; Kandaketiya, Badulla

Dī-gala-hinna: Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya

Gala-baḍa: Walapane, Nuwara Eliya; Pitabeddara, Galle; Ratnapura, Ratnapura

Gala-gama: Bentota, Galle

Gōna-gala-pura: Bentota, Galle

Gala-goḍa-Atta: Karandeniya, Galle

Gala-hen-kanda: Welivitiya-Divithura, Galle

Peṭṭi-gala-vatta: Galle Four Gravets, Galle

Kaḷu-gala-goḍa: Imaduwa, Galle

Kuḍa-gala-hēna: Pitabeddara, Matara

Kaḷu-gala-hēna: Kotapola, Matara

Gala-baḍa-hēna: Akuressa, Matara

Daň-gala-kanda: Katuwana, Hambantota

Gala-gama: Beliatta, Hambantota

Raja-gala-tẹnna: Uhana, Ampara

Gala-hiṭiya-goḍa: Uhana, Ampara

Gala-piṭa-diganē: Ehetuwewa, Kurunegala

Gala-piṭiyā-gama: Nikaweratiya, Kurunegala

Gala-aṁbagas-vẹva: Maho, Kurunegala

Gala-gedara-gama: Polpithigama, Kurunegala; Ipalogama, Anuradhapura

Dig-gala-vatta: Ibbagamuwa, Kurunegala

Galaṭa-bẹńdi-vẹva: Kobeigane. Kurunegala

Dig-gala-gedara: Panduwasnuwara West, Kurunegala

Gala-piṭa-mulla: Mawathagama, Kurunegala

Gala-baḍa-gama: Weerambugedara, Kurunegala

Mutu-galayā-gama: Pannala, Kurunegala

Gal-yāya: Pannala, Kurunegala

Gala-taraya: Alawwa, Kurunegala

Gala-vẹva: Kebithigollewa, Anuradhapura

Gala-divul-vẹva: Nochchiyagama, Anuradhapura

Uṇa-galā-vehera: Hinkurakgoda, Polonnaruwa; Thamankaduwa, Polonnaruwa

Sańda-gala-tẹnna: Dimbulagala, Polonnaruwa

Galaha-gama: Uva Paranagama, Badulla

Vehera-gala-tẹnna: Bandarawela, Badulla

Ihaḷa-gala-gama: Imbulpe, Ratnapura

Gala-tura: or Gal-atura: Ayagama, Ratnapura

Piṭi-gala-kanda: Kalawana, Ratnapura

Davu-gala-gama: Kalawana, Ratnapura

Mẹda-gala-deṇiya: Rambukkana, Kegalle

Uḍa-gala-deṇiya: Rambukkana, Kegalle

Gala-piṭa-maḍa: Ruwanwella, Kegalle

Uḍa-kaṇu-gala: Ruwanwella, Kegalle

Gala-balana-kanda: Dehiovita, Kegalle

Galē: (prefix)

Galē-vela: Galewela, Matale

Galē-vẹva: Maho, Kurunegala

Kiḍā-galē-gama: Medawachchiya, Anuradhapura

* * *

Galle/ Gallē: (prefix)

Galle-gedara: Minuwangoda, Gampaha

Mā-gallē-gama: Nikaweratiya, Kurunegala

Gallẹ-hẹra: Weerambugedara, Kurunegala

Raň-gallē-pola: Narammala, Kurunegala

Nāraň-gallē-gama: Ipalogama, Anuradhapura

* * *

Gallana:

Diya-piṭa-gallana: Karandeniya, Galle

* * *

Gallava:

Gallava: Rideegama, Kurunegala

* * *

Galệva: (suffix)

Mī-galệva: Galgamuwa, Kurunegala

* * *

Gallệva: (suffix)

Gallệva: Maho, Kurunegala; Anaimadu, Puttalam

Huṇu-gallệva: Huṇu-gal-ệva: Ehetuwewa, Kurunegala

Kiri-gallệva: Kahatagasdigiliya, Anuradhapura

Atura-gallệva: Elahera, Polonnaruwa

* * *

Gālla:

Gālla: written in English as Galle (pronounced Gōl); Galle, Galle

Mā-gālla: Galle Four Gravets, Galle

* * *

Gali: (prefix)

Gali-gamuva: Galigamuwa, Kegalle

* * *

Galen: (prefix)

Galen-bińdunu-vẹva: Galenbindunuwewa, Anuradhapura

* * *

Galu: (prefix)

Kẹ-galu-gama: Lankapura, Polonnaruwa

Galu-kā-gama: Kuruvita, Ratnapura. Galu: 1. Thiket, "gas vẹl hevunu tẹna"; 2. stone, rock, hill, "Gala" (Sinhala, Sorata)

* * *

Baṁbara:

Baṁbara-bẹdda: Udadumbara, Kandy

Baṁbara-deṇiya: Udunuwara, Kandy

Baṁbara-kiri-ẹlla: Rattota, Matale

Baṁbara-gama: Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya; Bandarawela, Badulla; Galigamuwa, Kegalle

Baṁbara-kẹlē: Nuwara Eliya, Nuwara Eliya

Baṁbara-vāna: Niyagama, Galle

Baṁbara-goḍa: Akmeemana, Galle

Baṁbara-pāna: Uva Paranagama, Badulla

Baṁbara-pokuṇa: Haldummulla, Badulla

Baṁbara-boṭuva: Ratnapura, Ratnapura

Baṁbarē: Giribawa, Kurunegala

* * *

Baṁbara-gaha:

Baṁbara-gaha-deṇiya: Udunuwara, Kandy

Baṁbara-gas-vẹva: Galewela, Matale

Baṁbara-gaha-watta: Naula, Matale

Baṁbara-gaha-kanda: Rideegama, Kurunegala

Baṁbara-gas-tẹnna: Godakawela, Ratnapura