Know the Etymology: 189
Place Name of the Day: Friday, 01 December 2017
Muḷḷip-paḷḷam, Veḷḷap-paḷḷam, Aṭṭaip-paḷḷam, Paḷḷak-kamam, Paḷḷaṉ-kōṭṭai, Āna-pallama, Ō-palla, Pallā-vela, Pallē-bẹdda, Paṭṭiyagama-Pallēgama
முள்ளிப்பள்ளம், வெள்ளப்பள்ளம், அட்டைப்பள்ளம், பள்ளக்கமம், பள்ளன்கோட்டை, ஆனபல்லம, ஓபல்ல, பல்லாவெல, பல்லேபெᴭ₃த்₃த₃, பட்டியக₃ம-பல்லேக₃ம
Muḷḷip-paḷḷam, Veḷḷap-paḷḷam, Aṭṭaip-paḷḷam, Paḷḷak-kamam, Paḷḷaṉ-kōṭṭai, Āna-pallama, Ō-palla, Pallā-vela, Pallē-bẹdda, Paṭṭiyagama-PallēgamaMuḷḷi+paḷḷam
Veḷḷam+paḷḷam
Aṭṭai+paḷḷam
Paḷḷam+kamam
Paḷḷaṉ+kōṭṭai
Āna+pallama
Ō+palla/ Oya+palla
Palla+vela
Palla+bẹdda
Paṭṭiya+gama - Palla+gama
The low land found with Muḷḷi plants
The low land where floodwater pools in
The backwaters or sea-arm found with sea cucumbers
The low-lying paddy field or the wet-cultivation paddy field
The settlement enclosure or enclave of Paḷḷar community
The valley of elephants; or the place where a pit was dug to trap elephants
The stream valley
The low-lying paddy field; or the lower part of the paddy field tract
The low-lying jungle or the lower part of the jungle
The lower part village of the larger village called Paṭṭiyagama
Paḷḷam | lowness, low land, valley, ditch, dimple (Tamil, DED 4016); pond, pool (Tamil, Caṅkam diction, Kuruntokai, 276: 2; Campantar, 2: 1: 5; inscription 960 CE, EI, xv, 5); stream, stream in a valley (Tamil usage); pit, hole, low ground, low shore (Malayalam, DED 4016); Paḷḷakkai: low land (Tamil, MTL, Winslow); Paḷḷak-kāṭu: low dry-cultivation land (Tamil, MTL); Paḷḷak-kāl: low wet-cultivation land, channel carrying water to lands in a low level (Tamil, MTL); Paḷ: valley (Toda, DED 4016); Paḷḷa: depth, pit, low ground, stream (Kannada, DED 4016); river (Irula, DED 4016); Paḷḷa, Palla, Pallā: shallow stream, pond, ditch, hollow, low spot, hole, pit (Tulu, DED 4016); Pallamu: pit, low ground, dale, wet land, wet crop (Telugu, DED 4016); |
Pallama | (singular), Pallam: (plural) low place, hollow, valley, descent of a hill, declivity (Sinhala, Clough); Palla: underneath, ground below, bottom (Sinhala, Clough); Pallala: small lake, pond, tank (Sinhala, Clough); marsh, pond (Pali, Prakrit, CDIAL 7976); Palvala: pool, pond (Sanskrit, CDIAL 7976; late usage and cognates are limited). See box on Paḷḷam in Tamil |
Palla | underneath, ground below, bottom (Sinhala, Clough); in place names it may mean a low land or a lower place (Sinhala place names); it also means low in rank, as in Pallaru: subdivision of Palī, a term applied to washers for low castes (Sinhala, Clough). See boxes on Pallama and Pallē in Sinhala and Paḷḷam in Tamil |
Pallē | adjectival and prefix form, meaning a low land, as in Pallē-pola; a lower place or a lower part of a place, as in Pallē Aḷudeṇiya (Sinhala place names); Pallē-gama: a village or part of a village located at a lower elevation, as opposed to Uḍa-gama/ Uḍu-gama; or a lower part of a village as in Hapuviṭa Pallēgama (Sinhala Place names); a position or office lower in rank, as in Pallē-mahavāsal: queens palace as compared to King's palace (Sinhala, Sorata); Pallē-gampaha: a position under Maha-adikāram (Sinhala, Sorata). See boxes on Palla and Pallama in Sinhala and Paḷḷam in Tamil |
Paḷḷaṉ | also Paḷḷar: a caste engaged in agricultural work; Paḷḷa: adjective of Paḷḷar (Tamil, see column 244) |
Muḷḷi | thorny plants in general, mostly used for an aquatic species, Hygrophila spinosa (Tamil, DED 4995). See column 108 |
Veḷḷam | flood, deluge, sea, water (Tamil, DED 5503, Maturaikkāñci, 109; cognates in 6 Dravidian languages including Brahui); Veḷḷak-kāṭu: total inundation of a place or field (Tamil, Winslow); Veḷḷa-vāykkāl: flood outlet (Eezham Tamil usage); Veḷḷak-kāl, Veḷḷak-kāṉ: flood channel (Tamil, inscriptions, 753 CE, SII, ii, 73; 1018 CE, SII, iii, 205) |
Aṭṭai | leech, also several kinds of non-poisonous centipedes (Tamil, DED 99); in the context of the place name means, Kaṭal-aṭṭai: sea cucumber, sea leech, Pontobdella (Tamil, MTL); Aṭṭu: (verb) to join, stick, adhere (Tamil, DED 96); to be discharged as pus, flow as honey, to pour (Tamil, DED 97); Aṭṭuva: any glutinous substance (Sinhala, Clough) |
Kamam | paddy field (Eezham Tamil, see column 173) |
Kōṭṭai | means settlement enclosure, enclave or quarters in the context of the placename, as in another example, Tārakaṉ-kōṭṭai in Mannar; Kōṭṭa: residence (Malayalam, DED 2207). See columns 62 and 237 |
Vela | paddy field (Sinhala, see column 100) |
Bẹdda | forest, wood, thicket, jungle, (Sinhala, Clough). See column 198 |
Gama | village (Sinhala, see column 36); for Paṭṭiyagama see column 191 |
Paḷḷam as noun and Paḷḷa as adjective in Tamil, and Pallama/ Palla as noun and Pallā/ Pallē as adjective in Sinhala are cognates sharing similar meanings in place names. Paḷḷam is listed as a term of Dravidian etymology (DED 4016)
Another word Paḷḷar, the adjective of which would also come as Paḷḷa in Tamil, mean a community of agricultural workers. See column 244.
* * *Paḷḷam meaning a low ground:"பள்ளம் படரும் பன்னீர் போல" (பெருங்கதை, 78: 89)
"Paḷḷam paṭarum paṉṉīr pōla" (Peruṅkatai, 78: 89)
Like waters from all sides reaching a low ground
Paḷḷam meaning a marsh in a shallow ground:"குறுமகள் பாவை தை-இயும் பஞ்சாய்ப் பள்ளம் சூழ்ந்தும்" (குறுந்தொகை, 276: 1-2)
"Kuṟumakaḷ pāvai tai-iyum pañcāyp paḷḷam cūḻntum" (Kuṟuntokai, 276: 1-2)
By going into the shallow marsh to collect reed, from which the young girl makes dolls
Paḷḷam meaning a pond or pool:"பள்ள மீன் இரை தேர்ந்து உழலும் பகுவாயன புள்ளு" (சம்பந்தர் தேவாரம், 2: 1: 5)
"Paḷḷa mīṉ irai tērntu uḻalum pakuvāyaṉa puḷḷu" (Campantar Tēvāram, 2: 1: 5)
The bird of big or divided beak that wanders in search of fish in the pond
Paḷḷam meaning a valley:"பள்ளம் தாழுறு புனல்" (திருவாசகம், 3: 25)
"Paḷḷam tāḻuṟu puṉal" (Tiruvācakam, 3: 25)
Like a massive sheet of water falling down into the valley, like a waterfall
* * *Aṭṭai meaning leech is related to the verb Aṭṭu meaning to be adhesive (DED 96). Leeches are known for being adhesive in sucking blood. Non-poisonous centipedes stick to the ground if disturbed. A cover of a book is also called Aṭṭai in Tamil, as it is adhesive to the book. Aṭṭu as verb also means to discharge as pus (DED 97). When disturbed, Kaṭal-aṭṭai (sea cucumber) would discharge a sticky substance to make the water around it murky.
* * *Aṭṭai meaning leech:"அட்டைகள் போல் சுவைப்பார்" (நம்மாழ்வார் பாசுரம், 9: 1: 2)
"Aṭṭaikaḷ pōl cuvaippār" (Nammāḻvār Pācuram, 9: 1: 2)
They suck and taste like leeches
* * *Usage examples of Veḷḷam:வெள்ளம் மாறாது விளையுள் பெருக" (மதுரைக்காஞ்சி, 109)
"Veḷḷam māṟātu viḷaiyuḷ peruka" (Maturaikkāñci, 109)
Let the crop produce increase without floodwater or water-flow failing
"வெள்ளத்து அனைய மலர் நீட்டம்" (திருக்குறள், 60: 5)
"Veḷḷattu aṉaiya malar nīṭṭam" (Tirukkuṟaḷ, 60: 5)
The height of water lily is in accordance with the height of water in a pond
* * *Muḷḷip-paḷḷam is a place in Mannar Town division of Mannar district.
Veḷḷap-paḷḷam is in Puthukkudiyiruppu division of Mullaiththeevu district.
Aṭṭaip-paḷḷam is the name of a backwater and place in Ninthavur division of Amparai district.
Paḷḷak-kamam is in Nanaddan division of Mannar district.
Paḷḷaṉ-kōṭṭai is a place in Nanaddan division of Mannar district.
Āna-pallama is the name of a place in Wellawaya division of Moneragala district.
Ō-palla is a place in Thumpane division of Kandy district.
Pallā-vela, comes in Mulatiyana division of Matara district.
Pallē-bẹdda is in
Embilipitiya division of Ratnapura district.
Paṭṭiyagama Palle-gama comes as a place name in Deldota division of Kandy district.
* * *Some related place names:Paḷḷam:Nattaip-paḷḷam: Kaṟukkāyt-tīvu, Poonakari, Kilinochchi (V. Almanac, 2013-14, P. 97). Nattai: snail, also see column 124
Nellip-paḷḷam: Cōraṉpaṟṟu, Pachchilaippalli, Kilinochchi (V. Almanac, 2013-14, p. 102)
Oṭṭup-paḷḷam: Manthai West, Mannar
Periya-paḷḷam: Kuchchaveli, Trincomalee
Kiṇaṟṟaiṭip-paḷḷam: Kinniya, Trincomalee
Iluppaiyaṭip-paḷḷam: Eravurpattu, Batticaloa
* * *Paḷḷa: (adjective)
Paḷḷa-veḷi: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu
Paḷḷap-pulam: Vēlaṇai, Kayts, Jaffna (V. Almanac, 2013-14, p. 91)
Paḷḷap-pāti: Alvāy, Vadamaradchi Southwest, Jaffna (Balasundaram, p. 266). Pāti: half, part, share
Paḷḷak-kaṭṭuvaṉ: Poonakari, Kilinochchi
Paḷḷa-maṭu: Manthai West, Mannar
Paḷḷattuc-cēṉai: Koralaippattu, Batticaloa
Paḷḷa-vaṭṭai: Poratheevuppattu, Batticaloa
Paḷḷak-kuḷam: Kuchchaveli, Trincomalee
* * *Pallama:Pallama: Pallama, Puttalam
Jūl-pallama: Thissamaharama, Hambantota. Jūl: wood apple
Mora-gaha-pallama: Damana, Ampara
Maha-iḷup-pallama: Ipalogama, Anuradhapura. Iḷup, Iḷuk: a kind of grass
Ẹhẹḷa-gas-pallama: Damana, Ampara
Gal-oya-pallama: Damana, Ampara
Mī-gaha-pallama: Damana, Ampara
* * *Palla:Māla-palla: Maharagama, Colombo. Māla: = Mahala: mansion (Sorata)
Ẹti-pallā-vala: Yatawatta, Matale
Paradu-palla: Pitabeddara, Matara. Para-du?
Kẹṭaliyam-palla: Ratnapura, Ratnapura
Toṭa-palla: Imbulpe, Ratnapura
Vel-palla: Pannala, Kurunegala. Vel: paddy field
Ganē-palla: Yatiyanthota, Kegalle
* * *Palla, Pallā: (adjective)
Pallattara: Beliatta, Hambantota. Palla+atara or Palla+tara
Pallan-oya: Damana, Ampara
Pallava Dampiṭiya: Bamunukotuwa, Kurunegala
Palla-kẹlē: Madampe, Puttalam
Pallaṅ-kulama: Rambewa, Anuradhapura. See Paḷḷak-kuḷam
Pallan-sēna: Negombo, Colombo. See Paḷḷattuc-cēṉai
* * *Pallē: (adjective)
Pallē-vela: Mirigama, Gampaha; Udadumbara, Kandy; Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya; Walapane, Nuwara Eliya; Kuliyapitiya West, Kurunegala; Kandaketiya, Badulla; Uva Paranagama, Badulla; Siyambalanduwa, Moneragala; Imbulpe, Ratnapura; Kegalle, Kegalle. Vela: paddy field
Pallē-gama: Dompe, Gampaha; Pujapitiya, Kandy; Kundasale, Kandy; Udapalatha, Kandy; Pasbage Korale, Kandy; Dambulla, Matale; Rattota, Matale; Kotapola, Matara; Ampalantota, Hambantota; Padiyathalawa, Ampara; Panduwasnuwara West, Kurunegala; Mawathagama, Kurunegala; Passara, Badulla; Hali-Ela, Badulla; Badalkumbura, Moneragala. Gama: village
Pallē-koṭṭuva: Thumpane, Kandy
Pallē-kanda: Udadumbara, Kandy; Rideegama, Kurunegala; Soranathota, Badulla; Balangoda, Ratnapura
Pallē-vatta: Minipe, Kandy
Pallē-bāge: Medadumbara, Kandy
Aḷut Pallē-kẹlē: Kundasale, Kandy
Pallē-mulla: Harispattuva, Kandy
Pallē-pola: Pallepola, Matale; Hatharaliyadda, Kandy
Pallē-yāya: Rattota, Matale; Rideegama, Kurunegala
Pallē-kuṁbura: Ukuwela, Matale
Pallē-Maḷuva: Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya
Pallē-kiruva: Lunugala, Badulla
Pallē-pēruva: Ella, Badulla
Pallē-gedara: Elapatha, Ratnapura
Pallē-kaḍa: Ayagama, Ratnapura
Pallē-vāvva: Okewela, Hambantota
Pallē-kẹlē: Polpithigama, Kurunegala
* * *Pallē and Pallēgama coming as component in other place names:Vilāna Pallē-gama: Akurana, Kandy
Pallē-vẹli-kẹṭiya: Akurana, Kandy
Pallē Dīgala: Akurana, Kandy
Pallē-tala-vinna: Pathadumbara, Kandy
Pallē-galade-bokka: Minipe, Kandy
Pallē-gunnẹpāna: Kundasale, Kandy
Sirimalvatta Pallē-gama: Kundasale, Kandy
Ampiṭiya Pallē-gama: Kandy Four Gravets, Kandy
Pallē-bokkala-vela: Harispattuva, Kandy
Yaṭihalagala Pallē-gama: Harispattuva, Kandy
Hal-oḷuva Pallē-gama: Harispattuva, Kandy
Uḍavela Pallē-maḍitta: Yatiniwara, Kandy
Pallē Aḷudeṇiya: Udunuwara, Kandy
Pallē-del-toṭa: Doluwa, Kandy
Uḍuvela Pallē-gama: Pathahewaheta, Kandy
Haputale Pallē-gama: Pathahewaheta, Kandy
Mẹdagama Pallē-gama: Pathahewaheta, Kandy
Pallē Ẹsvẹdduma: Ambanganga Korale, Matale
Laggala Pallē-gama: Laggala-Pallegama, Matale
Pallē Vēragama: Rattota, Matale
Pallē Makuruppa: Hanguranketha, Nuwara Eliya
Pallē Aparẹkka: Devinuwara, Matara
Pallē-malala: Hambantota, Hambantota
Pallē Jūlampiṭiya: Walasmulla, Hambantota
Pallē-horaṁbuva: Rideegama, Kurunegala
Pallē-mōru-gama: Alawwa, Kurunegala
Pallē-kẹkulā-vala: Alawwa, Kurunegala
Pallē-hińgura: Kekirawa, Anuradhapura
Ẹṁbilipitiya Pallē-gama: Embilipitiya, Ratnapura
Debat-gama Pallē-bāgē: Aranayaka, Kegalle
Dīvela Pallē-gama: Kegalle, Kegalle
Hapuviṭa Pallē-gama: Kegalle, Kegalle
Gan-tuna Pallē-gama: Kegalle, Kegalle
Dora-vaka Pallē-bāge: Warakapola, Kegalle
Maha Pallē-gama: Warakapola, Kegalle
Kuḍā Pallē-gama: Warakapola, Kegalle
Pallē-pẹl-piṭa: Warakapola, Kegalle
Palle Kaṇugala: Ruwanwella, Kegalle
* * *
Kadal-addai or Sea Cucumber: It comes in shades of colour ranging from black to white. [Image courtesy: Dimensions Guide]

Samples of boiled and dried Sea Cucumber from the island of Sri Lanka advertised by an export agency in Colombo. [Image courtesy: Gajen Supplier Pvt Ltd, Sri Lanka, Alibaba.com]

Dried Sea Cucumber displayed in a stall in Malaysia. [Image courtesy: World News Cucumber, wn.com]

Shallow marsh and a small backwater mark the landscape of Addaippa’l’lam village in the Ninthavoor division of Ampaa’rai district. [Satellite Image courtesy: Google Earth]
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Revised: Friday, 01 December 2017, 18:30
First published: Thursday, 17 February 2011, 06:45
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